Modular PCR Device Optical Detection Thermal Uniformity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current optical detection systems for polymerase chain reactions (PCR) face challenges in efficiently detecting stationary samples with reduced sample read time and simultaneous reading of multiple light wavelengths, often requiring extensive hardware and direct connections between sample holders and fiber optic cables, which can lead to heat loss and thermal non-uniformity.
Innovation Solution
A modular PCR device with a light source, detector, and filter wheel that allows for minimal space occupation, enabling real-time detection of stationary samples with reduced read time and simultaneous multi-wavelength analysis, using light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiode arrays, and a 'floating' sample block design for improved thermal uniformity and reduced heat loss.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If direct fiber optic connections are used between sample holder and detector, then detection sensitivity is improved, but heat loss and thermal non-uniformity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the direct fiber optic connection from the sample holder, extracting the harmful thermal conduction path while preserving the optical detection function through alternative means (detectors positioned to receive light without physical connection to the sample block)
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary optical path where light from the sample is detected without direct physical connection between the sample holder and fiber optic cable, using intermediate optical elements or free-space optics to transfer the optical signal while blocking thermal conduction
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple light sources and detectors are used for multi-wavelength detection, then detection capability is improved, but device complexity and space requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple light sources and detectors into an integrated optical path configuration where multiple wavelengths are detected through a unified detection system, reducing the number of separate optical paths and associated hardware components
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs the optical detection system with universal components that can handle multiple wavelengths simultaneously, such as detectors with broad spectral response or optical elements that work across multiple wavelength ranges, allowing one component to serve multiple functions
3Productivity
If sample reading time is reduced for high-speed PCR, then productivity is improved, but measurement precision may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements continuous real-time detection during the PCR process, where the optical detection system operates continuously throughout the amplification cycles, allowing rapid data acquisition without interrupting the thermal cycling process, thus maintaining both speed and precision
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables high-speed PCR amplification and detection with reduced hardware requirements, improved thermal uniformity, and efficient simultaneous detection of multiple wavelengths, enhancing sample throughput and statistical comparisons.
Implementation Method 1
at least one light emitting diode device that is carried on at least one support substrate, is in electrical communication with a power source, and is adapted to emit light at a plurality of different wavelengths
Implementation Method 2
at least one fluorescing agent that interacts with the nucleic acid during amplification and that emits light upon excitation by light of a known wavelength
Implementation Method 3
at least one photodiode array detector adapted to issue signals based upon intensity of light it receives
Implementation Method 4
filter sets that occupy minimal space and facilitate detection of stationary samples, reduced sample read time, and simultaneous reading of multiple light wavelengths
Data Source
AI summary
An improved device and system for facilitating polymerase chain reaction including a light source, detector, waveguide, and filters that occupy minimal space and facilitate detection of stationary samples, reduced sample read time, and simultaneous reading of multiple light wavelengths.