Modular Space Solar Power Station With Phased-Array Beam Steering

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Solution Overview

Problem

The economic viability of space-based solar power systems is limited by the large size and high launch costs of satellites required to generate sufficient electrical power, as well as inefficiencies in power transmission due to the complexity of coordinating phased arrays of satellite modules in orbit.

Innovation Solution

A modular space-based solar power station composed of compactable independent satellite modules with integrated photovoltaic cells, power transmitters, and control circuits, which form a phased array in orbit to efficiently capture solar radiation and transmit power to Earth using steerable beams, with each module capable of independent operation and coordinated control to optimize power transmission.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If a large single satellite is used to generate sufficient electrical power, then power generation capacity is improved, but launch costs and satellite size increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical power generation capacityVSAvoidsatellite mass
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The solar power system is divided into multiple independent satellite modules, each with its own photovoltaic cells and power transmission capability. These modules can be launched separately on smaller rockets and then assembled in orbit to form a phased array, reducing individual launch costs while achieving the required total power generation capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple independent satellite modules are combined in orbit to form a coordinated phased array system. The modules work together as a unified power generation and transmission system, merging their individual capabilities to achieve the required total power output while maintaining the benefits of modular construction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Power

If a large single satellite is used to generate sufficient electrical power, then power generation capacity is improved, but launch costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical power generation capacityVSAvoidlaunch cost
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The system is segmented into multiple smaller satellite modules that can be manufactured and launched separately using existing, more cost-effective launch vehicles. This avoids the need for extremely expensive heavy-lift launches required for a single large satellite, reducing overall launch costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The satellite modules are prepared and tested independently on the ground before being launched and assembled in orbit. This preliminary preparation of modular units allows for standardized manufacturing processes and reduces the complexity and cost of single large satellite assembly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If phased arrays of satellite modules are used to transmit power, then power transmission efficiency is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower transmission efficiencyVSAvoidcoordination complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The phased array system uses dynamic beam steering capability to electronically control the direction and focus of power transmission. This allows the system to adapt to different receiver positions and optimize transmission efficiency without mechanical reconfiguration, reducing operational complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system incorporates feedback mechanisms to monitor and adjust the phase and amplitude of signals from individual modules, maintaining optimal coherent addition at the receiver. This automated feedback control simplifies the coordination of multiple modules by using real-time measurements to maintain efficient power transmission.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces the size and launch costs of individual satellites while enhancing the efficiency of solar energy collection and transmission by allowing for dynamic power allocation and beam steering, thereby improving the overall economic viability and performance of space-based solar power systems.

Implementation Method 1

each module having a plurality of power generation tiles having integrated photovoltaic cells

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotovoltaic effect: Photovoltaic Effect

Implementation Method 2

The wireless power transmission application might include a microwave transmitter or laser emitter, which would direct its beam toward a collector

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation:

Implementation Method 3

an array antenna having the transmitting antennas of the power generation satellites in the power generation satellite group as element antennas is formed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhased array beam steering:

Data Source

PatentEP3142925B1Large-scale space-based solar power station: power transmission using steerable beams
Publication Date: 2023.09.06 CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH
  • EP3142925B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3142925B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3142925B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A space-based solar power station, a power generating satellite module and/or a method for collecting solar radiation and transmitting power generated using electrical current produced therefrom is provided. Power transmitters can be coordinated as a phased array and the power generated by the phased array is transmitted to one or more power receivers to achieve remote wireless power generation and delivery. In many embodiments, a reference signal is distributed within the space-based solar power station to coordinate the phased array. In several embodiments, determinations of the relative locations of the antennas in the array are utilized to evaluate the phase shift and/or amplitude modulation to apply the reference signal at each power transmitter.