Battery Pack Partitioned Venting for Thermal Runaway Containment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Battery packs face the risk of thermal runaway, where high-temperature gas or flames generated from one battery module can spread and ignite adjacent modules, leading to a chain reaction and potential fire, due to inadequate venting and gas discharge mechanisms.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design with multiple accommodation spaces and venting holes, featuring flow passages and communication holes that allow gas to be discharged safely outside, preventing it from spreading to adjacent modules, and includes a shielding member to block gas flow and enhance thermal dissipation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If multiple battery modules are disposed in the battery pack to increase energy capacity, then the energy capacity of the battery pack is improved, but the risk of thermal runaway spreading to adjacent modules increases
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is divided into multiple independent accommodation spaces, each housing a battery module. The partition structure separates these spaces, creating independent containment zones that prevent thermal runaway from spreading between modules while maintaining high energy capacity through the use of multiple modules.
Solution Approach 2:
A partition structure with flow passages acts as an intermediary between adjacent battery modules. This partition allows controlled gas flow through dedicated passages while physically blocking the direct spread of high-temperature gas and flames, serving as a mediator that maintains both safety and ventilation functionality.
2Reliability
If a partition structure is disposed between battery modules to prevent thermal runaway spread, then the safety of the battery pack is improved, but the ability to discharge high-temperature gas effectively is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The partition structure with integrated flow passages serves as an intermediary that simultaneously provides safety isolation and gas discharge functionality. The partition blocks direct flame spread while the flow passages enable controlled gas venting, resolving the contradiction between safety and gas discharge capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The partition structure has different functional zones: solid partition walls for blocking thermal runaway spread, and localized flow passages for gas discharge. This local differentiation of properties allows the same structure to perform both safety containment and ventilation functions effectively.
3Stress or pressure
If high-temperature gas is discharged to the outside of the battery pack, then the pressure relief capability is improved, but the risk of igniting surrounding areas increases
Solution Approach 1:
The flow passages in the partition structure act as intermediaries that channel high-temperature gas away from adjacent modules through controlled paths. This mediator approach directs the discharged gas through safe routes, reducing the risk of igniting surrounding areas while maintaining effective pressure relief.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design effectively prevents the spread of high-temperature gas or flames between battery modules during thermal runaway, ensuring safe discharge and increasing the stability of the battery pack by creating independent venting paths for each module, thereby reducing the risk of chain ignition and enhancing safety.
Implementation Method 1
a first side frame including a plurality of flow passages through which the gas can flow
Implementation Method 2
a plurality of venting holes disposed on an external surface of the pack housing and configured to discharge gas generated from the plurality of battery modules
Implementation Method 3
a partition structure disposed between the battery modules BM... To prevent such chain ignition, a battery pack having a structure for preventing gas or flames generated from one battery module from being transferred to another adjacent battery module
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules each including a plurality of battery cells; and a pack housing having a plurality of accommodation spaces in which the plurality of battery modules are accommodated, wherein the pack housing includes a plurality of venting holes disposed on an external surface of the pack housing and configured to discharge gas generated from the plurality of battery modules, and wherein each of the plurality of accommodation spaces is configured to communicate with a different venting hole among the plurality of venting holes.