Molecular Sensor Pore Impedance for Nucleic Acid Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current nucleic acid detection technologies face challenges with sensitivity, particularly when detecting low levels of target sequences in samples, and rely on expensive and complex methods like fluorescence or radioactivity, which are not suitable for routine analysis.
Innovation Solution
An all-electronic molecular sensing apparatus using a membrane layer with parallel pores incorporating probe molecules that bind with target molecules, generating an electrical current indicative of through-pore impedance, allowing for sensitive detection without fluorescence or radioactivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If fluorescence or radioactivity methods are used for nucleic acid detection, then detection sensitivity is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces optical detection systems (fluorescence) and radioactive detection systems with an electrical detection system. The molecular sensor uses an electrical current passing through a membrane containing pores with probe molecules to generate a detectable signal, substituting complex optical/radioactive machinery with a simpler electrical measurement system while maintaining high detection sensitivity.
2Measurement precision
If fluorescence or radioactivity methods are used for nucleic acid detection, then detection sensitivity is improved, but cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a disposable molecular sensor where the membrane with probe molecules is a single-use component. After detection, the entire sensor can be discarded, eliminating the need for expensive, complex instrumentation required by fluorescence and radioactivity methods. This approach maintains high detection sensitivity while significantly reducing both equipment and operational costs.
3Measurement precision
If conventional nucleic acid detection methods are used, then detection capability is achieved, but suitability for routine analysis decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The molecular sensor is designed as a self-contained, single-use device that requires minimal operator intervention. The sensor automatically performs the detection function when exposed to the sample, with the electrical signal providing direct readout of nucleic acid presence. This eliminates complex sample preparation and instrument operation steps, making the method highly suitable for routine analysis while maintaining detection capability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method provides a robust and simpler means for detecting nucleic acid molecules, including pathogens and genetic variations, with enhanced sensitivity and reduced costs, suitable for routine analysis.
Implementation Method 1
probe molecules that bind with corresponding target molecules when present in the pores
Implementation Method 2
passing an electrical current through the pores in an ionic solution to generate an electrical parameter indicative of a through-pore impedance
Data Source
AI summary
Method of detecting molecules, using a sensor having a membrane layer having parallel pores extending through the membrane layer and incorporating therein probe molecules that bind with corresponding target molecules when present in the pores, electrodes, and an ionic solution in contact with the electrodes and the pores, wherein the electrodes are energized to induce an electrical current in the solution through the pores, wherein the electrical current induces an electrical parameter in the electrodes that is indicative of a through-pore electrical impedance of the pores, wherein the through-pore electrical impedance is increased when there is probe-to-target molecule binding in the pores relative to when there is an absence of such binding.