Monoclinic Beta Titanium Oxide Battery Surface Modification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Monoclinic β-type titanium oxide batteries face challenges due to hydroxyl groups remaining during synthesis, leading to high concentrations of acid sites that decompose electrolytic solutions, reduce charge/discharge efficiency, and affect battery performance.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating carbonate ions on the surface of monoclinic β-type titanium oxide or complex oxide particles to reduce hydroxyl groups and acid sites, enhancing initial charge/discharge efficiency and charge/discharge cycle performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If monoclinic β-type titanium oxide is used as active material, then theoretical capacity is improved (335 mAh/g), but charge/discharge efficiency deteriorates due to acid site decomposition
Solution Approach 1:
Carbonate ions are introduced as an intermediary substance that mediates between the titanium oxide surface and the electrolytic solution. The carbonate ions preferentially react with acid sites to form stable complexes, preventing direct decomposition of the electrolytic solution while maintaining the high capacity characteristics of monoclinic β-type titanium oxide.
Solution Approach 2:
The harmful acid sites on the titanium oxide surface are converted into beneficial functional groups through reaction with carbonate ions. The acid sites that originally caused electrolyte decomposition are transformed into carbonate complexes that improve charge/discharge efficiency and cycle stability, turning a detrimental feature into an advantage.
2Ease of manufacture
If hydroxyl groups remain during synthesis, then manufacturing process is simplified, but electrolytic solution decomposition increases
Solution Approach 1:
Carbonate ions are introduced during the synthesis process itself, before the material is fully formed. This preliminary action allows the carbonate ions to be incorporated into the crystal structure and surface chemistry of the titanium oxide, preventing electrolyte decomposition from the outset rather than requiring post-synthesis treatment.
Solution Approach 2:
The chemical composition parameter of the surface is changed by introducing carbonate ions. This parameter change transforms the surface chemistry from hydroxyl-rich (highly acidic) to carbonate-modified (reduced acidity), thereby reducing electrolyte decomposition while maintaining ease of manufacture through controlled synthesis conditions.
3Reliability
If carbonate ions are disposed on surface, then charge/discharge efficiency is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The carbonate ion incorporation step is merged with the existing synthesis process. Rather than adding a separate post-synthesis treatment step, the carbonate ions are introduced during the formation process itself, combining two operations into one and minimizing additional manufacturing complexity while achieving the desired surface modification.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The surface-disposed carbonate ions significantly improve the charge/discharge efficiency and cycle performance of the battery by inhibiting reactivity with the electrolytic solution and reducing resistance components, leading to better high-current properties.
Implementation Method 1
carbonate ions are disposed on at least a part of the surface thereof
Data Source
AI summary
An active material containing a monoclinic β-type titanium oxide or a monoclinic β-type titanium complex oxide. A carbonate ion is disposed on at least a part of a surface of the active material. The active material has a peak belonging to a carbonate ion in at least a. region of 1430±30 cm−1, 1500±30 cm−1 and 2350±30 cm −1 in an infrared diffuse reflection spectrum obtained using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer.