Monolithic Rotor Blade Root Design for Gyroplane Hub Articulation

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Solution Overview

Problem

The design of rotary-wing aircraft rotors with monolithic blades is complex and heavy due to the combination of radial compressive and vibratory shear forces on laminated spherical thrust bearings, which complicates manufacturing and increases mass.

Innovation Solution

A monolithic blade design featuring a root zone with a recess for a laminated spherical abutment and a flexible portion that allows for a ball-and-socket connection with the hub, eliminating the need for additional connecting members and allowing for an independent drag damper, reducing the complexity and mass of the rotor.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If laminated spherical thrust bearings are used to articulate monolithic blades with the hub, then the rotor has a reduced number of parts and is lighter, but the bearings are subjected to both radial compressive forces and vibratory shear forces making them complex and difficult to manufacture

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of partsVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity of laminated spherical thrust bearings
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the drag damping function from the laminated spherical thrust bearing by introducing a separate drag damper. This separation allows the thrust bearing to only handle articulation and radial compressive forces, eliminating the complex combination of compressive and shear forces that made it difficult to manufacture. The bearing becomes simpler and easier to produce while the drag damper independently handles drag oscillations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention segments the functions previously combined in the laminated spherical thrust bearing into two separate components: the thrust bearing handles only articulation and radial loads, while the drag damper handles drag oscillations. This functional segmentation simplifies the thrust bearing design and manufacturing while maintaining all necessary rotor functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Device complexity

If laminated spherical thrust bearings serve both articulation and drag damping functions, then the rotor structure is compact, but the bearings must be oversized to withstand combined compressive and shearing forces, increasing mass

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural compactnessVSAvoidmass of laminated spherical thrust bearings
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The drag damping function is extracted from the thrust bearing and assigned to a dedicated drag damper. This allows the thrust bearing to be optimized for its articulation function only, using smaller dimensions sufficient for handling radial compressive forces without the need to be oversized for combined shear and compressive loads, thereby reducing the bearing mass.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

By segmenting the load functions between the thrust bearing and drag damper, each component can be sized appropriately for its specific function. The thrust bearing is lighter because it only needs to handle radial compressive forces, while the drag damper independently manages drag oscillations without adding to the bearing mass.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Ease of operation

If additional connecting members are added to the blade to receive laminated spherical abutments, then the blade can be articulated with the hub, but the rotor mass increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearticulation capabilityVSAvoid rotor mass
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention merges the articulation function directly into the monolithic blade structure by integrating the spherical bearing recess and finger with spherical bearing into the blade itself. This eliminates the need for separate additional connecting members, achieving articulation capability while minimizing rotor mass through the monolithic construction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design simplifies the laminated spherical thrust bearings, reduces their dimensions and associated mass, and improves vibration levels by eliminating high inertia swinging masses, resulting in a lighter and more efficient rotor.

Implementation Method 1

a recess opening out on either side of a rigid portion of the root zone of the blade between a first face and a second face respectively extending the lower face and the extrados face of the profiled zone of the blade towards a root end of the blade, such a recess being capable of receiving a laminated spherical abutment

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBall-and-socket connection: Ball

Implementation Method 2

a flexible portion comprising a preferred direction of deformation in bending along a flapping axis of the blade

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic deformation: Elasticity

Implementation Method 3

Such a drag damper makes it possible to damp the oscillations of each blade relative to the hub around its drag axis

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibration damping: Damping

Implementation Method 4

Such laminated spherical thrust bearings are therefore both subjected to radial compressive forces generated by the centrifugal force of the rotor during its rotation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCentrifugal force: Centrifugal Force

Data Source

PatentEP3246250B1A monolithic blade, a rotorcraft rotor fitted with such a monolithic blade, and an associated rotorcraft
Publication Date: 2018.11.28 EUROCOPTER FRANCE SA
  • EP3246250B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3246250B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3246250B1 patent drawingFigure 5~11

AI summary

The present invention relates to a monolithic blade (21) of a rotor of a gyroplane, said blade (21) comprising at least locally a profiled area (30) having an intrados face and an extrados face and a root area (3) having a finger (24) with a spherical bearing arranged at the level of a root end (33) of said blade (21), a recess (23) adapted to receive a laminated spherical stop and a flexible portion (26) having a preferred bending deformation direction along a flapping axis of said blade (21), said flexible portion (26) being arranged between said finger (24) and said recess (23).