MOSFET DC Source Bypass Circuit with Self-Powered Controller
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing photovoltaic and battery-powered systems face safety risks due to high DC voltage generation during fires, which can electrocute fire-fighting operators, and current safety systems are inefficient in disabling DC sources quickly and reliably.
Innovation Solution
A self-powered MOSFET-based current by-pass device with an integrated control circuit that includes a high multiplication factor voltage booster and a control logic circuit to detect risk conditions and disable DC sources efficiently, replacing traditional Schottky diodes with a more efficient power switching MOSFET and inductive or charge pump-based voltage boosters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If traditional Schottky diodes are used for current by-pass, then the system structure is simple, but energy losses are high and safety response is slow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional passive Schottky diodes with an active MOSFET-based electronic switching system. This substitution enables precise control of current by-pass timing and duration, significantly reducing energy losses while maintaining system reliability. The MOSFET's low on-resistance and fast switching characteristics provide superior energy efficiency compared to diode-based solutions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system employs self-powered control circuitry that automatically detects fire conditions and triggers MOSFET by-pass activation without requiring external power sources or manual intervention. The control circuit harvests power from the DC source itself, enabling autonomous safety responses that minimize energy losses while preventing electrocution risks.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If DC sources remain connected during fire conditions, then power generation continues, but electrocution risk increases for fire-fighting operators
Solution Approach 1:
The system proactively activates MOSFET-based current by-pass before fire-fighting operators arrive at the scene. Temperature sensors detect rising temperatures indicative of fire conditions and trigger immediate DC source disconnection, eliminating electrocution risks in advance. This preliminary protective action prioritizes human safety over continued power generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The control circuit continuously monitors temperature conditions and provides real-time feedback to the MOSFET switching system. When fire conditions are detected, the feedback loop automatically triggers by-pass activation to disconnect DC sources, dynamically adjusting system operation based on environmental conditions to eliminate electrocution hazards.
3Reliability
If remote disabling commands are implemented, then safety control is improved, but system complexity and response time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates multiple safety functions including temperature sensing, MOSFET control, and remote command reception into a single unified control circuit. This consolidation improves reliability by coordinating all safety responses through one system while minimizing overall device complexity compared to separate independent systems. The integrated circuit manages both automatic temperature-based by-pass activation and remote disabling commands efficiently.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables rapid and reliable disabling of DC sources in high-risk conditions, minimizing energy losses and preventing electrocution risks by maintaining MOSFET conduction and sustaining power supply even during voltage drops, thus enhancing safety in photovoltaic and battery-powered systems.
Implementation Method 1
The device is based on the use of a high multiplication factor (HMF) inductive voltage booster. The voltage booster boosts a voltage from about 50-100 mV up to several Volts
Implementation Method 2
The applied voltage is for turning the MOSFET ON and maintaining it in conduction, assisted by a start-up low multiplication factor (LMF) charge pump
Data Source
AI summary
A control circuit for a protection circuit device includes first and second voltage boosters, a comparator coupled thereto, and a MOSFET for bypassing a direct current (DC) source. The control circuit may include a control logic circuit having a first input coupled to an output of the comparator, a second input receiving a disable command signal, a first output coupled to an enable input of the first voltage booster, and a second output, and a four terminal path inversion switch. The control circuit may include a supply voltage line, a sensor coupled to the second input of the control logic circuit, to generate the disable command signal, and to force the MOSFET into a conduction mode, and an external command terminal coupled to the second input of the control logic circuit, to receive the disable command signal, and to force the MOSFET into the conduction mode.