3-Phase Motor Current Control Beyond Sensor Saturation

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Solution Overview

Problem

The electric current sensors in 3-phase electric machines are often limited by their range, leading to saturation and restricting the maximum output current of the inverter, even if the inverter itself is capable of outputting more current.

Innovation Solution

A computer system with processing circuitry determines the phase with the highest current by identifying saturated sensors, calculates the highest current using measurements from non-saturated sensors, and controls the electric machine operation based on these calculations, allowing higher current operation through pulse width modulation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the electric current sensor range is increased to measure higher currents, then the maximum output current capability is improved, but the measurement accuracy at lower current ranges deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemaximum output currentVSAvoidcurrent measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically switches between direct sensor measurement and calculated current values based on saturation detection. When sensors are not saturated, direct measurements are used for high accuracy. When saturation occurs, the system transitions to calculating the highest phase current from the other two phases, maintaining both accuracy and extended current capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the parameter used for current control from direct sensor measurement to calculated current values when saturation is detected. This parameter switching allows the system to operate beyond sensor range limits while maintaining control accuracy through mathematical relationships between phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If the electric current sensor range is kept low to maintain measurement accuracy, then measurement precision is improved, but the maximum output current capability deteriorates due to sensor saturation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent measurement accuracyVSAvoidmaximum output current
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses the relationship between the three phases as an intermediary to obtain current information when sensors saturate. By measuring two phases and calculating the third, the system bypasses the sensor saturation limit while maintaining accurate current knowledge through the mathematical relationship Ia + Ib + Ic = 0.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adapts its measurement strategy based on saturation conditions. When sensors operate within range, direct measurement provides high accuracy. When saturation occurs, the system transitions to a calculated approach, maintaining both accuracy and extended current capability through adaptive parameter selection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Reliability

If all three phase currents are measured directly using sensors, then measurement reliability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent measurement reliabilityVSAvoidsensor quantity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system extracts the redundant current measurement by recognizing that only two phase currents need to be directly measured, as the third can be derived through calculation based on the relationship Ia + Ib + Ic = 0. This reduces sensor requirements while maintaining measurement reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of directly measuring all three phase currents with sensors, the system creates a calculated copy of the third phase current based on measurements from the other two phases. This calculated current maintains reliability while reducing the need for additional physical sensors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Data Source

PatentEP4641917A1Improved electric current range for electric machines
Publication Date: 2025.10.29 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP4641917A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4641917A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4641917A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A computer system (100) for controlling an operation of a 3-phase electric machine (102) comprising one electric current sensor (104a-c) for each phase (106a-c) for measuring the respective electric current, the computer system comprising processing circuitry (110) configured to: a) determine the one phase with the highest electric current (202a-c) among the three phases, b) measure the two of the phase electric currents with the lowest magnitudes, c) calculating the highest phase electric current based on the measured two electric currents, and d) control the operation of the electric machine based on the measured two lowest electric currents and the calculated highest electric current.