Electric Motor Orthopedic Impacting Tool for Controlled Bone Cavity Creation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for creating a prosthetic cavity in orthopedic surgery, such as manual hammering, pneumatic driving, and robotic systems, face issues with precision, mechanical stress, portability, cost, and tissue trauma, lacking controlled and adjustable impact forces.
Innovation Solution
An electric motor-driven orthopedic impacting tool with a local power source, motor, controller, linear motion converter, and energy storage mechanism, allowing for controlled percussive impacts and adjustable force settings, enabling precise placement and removal of prostheses with reduced trauma and improved surgeon control.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If manual hammering is used to impel the broach into the implant area, then the physician can create the cavity, but the approach is imprecise and causes unnecessary mechanical stress on the bone
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the manual hammering mechanical system with a motor-driven impacting tool that delivers controlled percussive forces. The motor (202) drives a linear motion converter (204) to generate precise impact forces on the broach, eliminating the imprecision and uncontrolled mechanical stress of manual hammering while maintaining the cavity creation function.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameters of the impacting force from uncontrolled manual hammering to controlled motor-driven impacts with adjustable force and frequency. The controller (206) regulates the motor operation to deliver specific impact parameters, transforming the harmful uncontrolled mechanical stress into precise, adjustable percussive forces that minimize bone damage.
2Extent of automation
If pneumatic driving is used to drive the broach, then impacting can be automated, but portability is prevented due to tethering air-line and air exhaustion into sterile field
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the power source from the external pneumatic system and incorporates a self-contained motor (202) within the tool housing (201). This removes the tethering air-line and external compressed air requirements, enabling the tool to be cordless and portable while maintaining automated impacting capability through electric motor control.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes the pneumatic drive system with an electric motor system. The motor (202) coupled with linear motion converter (204) replaces the pneumatic cylinder and air-line infrastructure, eliminating the need for compressed air supply while providing automated impacting with improved portability and no sterile field contamination from air exhaustion.
3Measurement precision
If computer-controlled robotic arms are used to create the cavity, then accuracy and fatigue issues are overcome, but capital cost becomes very high and tactile feedback is removed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a multi-functional tool that combines the precision of automated impacting with the portability and cost-effectiveness of a handheld device. The motor-driven impacting tool (200) integrates control systems, power source, and impacting mechanism in a single portable unit, providing robotic-level precision without the high capital cost and complexity of fixed robotic arm systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the complex robotic arm mechanical system with a simpler motor-driven impacting mechanism. The motor (202) and linear motion converter (204) provide automated precise control without requiring the complex multi-axis positioning systems, sensors, and control infrastructure of robotic arms, reducing capital cost while maintaining accuracy.
4Measurement precision
If linear compressor is used to compress air on single stroke basis, then controlled impacting can be achieved, but large forces in gear train lead to premature wear on components
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the linear compressor and high-force gear train with a motor-driven linear motion converter system. The motor (202) coupled with the linear motion converter (204) generates impact forces more efficiently, delivering controlled percussive forces without the excessive mechanical loads that cause premature wear in compressor-based systems, extending component service life.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the method of force generation from high-force pneumatic compression to controlled motor-driven linear motion. This parameter change in the force delivery mechanism reduces peak loads on transmission components while maintaining precise impact control, preventing the premature wear caused by large forces in the gear train of compressor systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The tool provides precise and controlled impacts, reducing mechanical stress and tissue trauma, enhancing surgical accuracy and efficiency while being portable and cost-effective, allowing for various anatomical presentations and adjustable impact settings.
Implementation Method 1
an electric motor-driven orthopedic impacting tool (200) includes a local power source (208), a motor (202), and a controller (206)
Implementation Method 2
a module for converting the rotary motion of the motor to a linear motion (hereafter referred to as a linear motion converter) (204)
Implementation Method 3
an energy storage mechanism, which energy storage mechanism can include either compressed air or a vacuum
Implementation Method 4
The tool is capable of holding a broach, chisel, or other end effector and gently tapping the broach, chisel or other end effector into the cavity with controlled percussive impacts
Data Source
AI summary
An orthopedic impacting tool including a motor, an energy storage chamber, a striker, and an anvil. The motor stores energy in the energy storage chamber and then releases it, causing the striker to apply a controlled force on an adapter to create a precise impact for use in a surgical setting. The tool may further comprise a combination anvil and adapter. Alternatively, the tool may comprise a gas spring assembly system for generating an impact force. The tool further allows forward or backward impacting for expanding the size or volume of the opening or for facilitating removal of a broach, implant, or other surgical implement from the opening. An energy adjustment control of the tool allows a surgeon to increase or decrease the impact energy. A light source and hand grips improve ease of operation of the tool.