MPTCP Path Scheduling for In-Order Delivery in Heterogeneous IoT
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Solution Overview
Problem
The deployment of Multipath TCP (MPTCP) in wireless networks, particularly in carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based wireless networks, faces challenges due to random backoff delays and the lack of dedicated routers, making it difficult to establish reliable data delivery paths in heterogeneous wireless IoT networks.
Innovation Solution
The invention establishes MPTCP paths in heterogeneous wireless IoT networks by defining a path threshold and using a Markov chain model to compute expected queuing and channel access times, along with an adaptive congestion control method to ensure data packets arrive in order, leveraging IEEE 802.15.4 and 5G communication interfaces.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If MPTCP protocol is deployed over CSMA based wireless networks, then data delivery reliability is improved, but random backoff delays cause packet arrival order issues
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by computing expected queuing times and channel access times using Markov chain models before data transmission. This allows the system to predict packet arrival times and proactively schedule transmissions to maintain in-order delivery, preventing the packet arrival order issue before it occurs rather than reacting to it afterward.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamics through adaptive congestion control that dynamically adjusts transmission parameters based on real-time network conditions. The system continuously monitors and adapts to changing wireless network states, modifying queuing and channel access strategies to maintain reliable in-order packet delivery despite varying backoff delays.
2Productivity
If multiple communication interfaces are used in next generation IoT devices, then network performance is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the complex multi-interface device into functional components: some devices specialize in sensing data collection while others specialize in data transmission. This segmentation allows each device to have optimized, simpler functionality while the network as a whole achieves high performance through coordinated multi-interface operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements universality through multi-link nodes that can operate with multiple communication interfaces (IEEE 802.15.4 and 5G). These universal nodes can adapt to different network conditions and communicate through available interfaces, providing flexible high-performance data delivery while managing complexity through standardized multi-functionality.
3Productivity
If MPTCP paths are established in heterogeneous wireless IoT networks, then throughput is improved, but path scheduling complexity increases due to lack of dedicated routers
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies self-service by enabling data nodes to autonomously perform path establishment and scheduling without dedicated routers. Each node independently computes routes, calculates expected transmission times using Markov models, and manages its own data delivery, eliminating the need for complex centralized router-based scheduling while achieving improved throughput.
4Adaptability or versatility
If IEEE 802.15.4 interface is used for communication, then device compatibility is improved, but transmission speed decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dimensionality change by adding a temporal dimension to path selection. Instead of simply choosing faster 5G paths, the system computes expected arrival times considering queuing delays and channel access times across all interfaces. This allows slower IEEE 802.15.4 paths to be selected when their expected total transmission time (including queuing) is shorter, achieving optimal speed while maintaining broad device compatibility.
Data Source
AI summary
A node device for forming a multi-hop network is provided. The node device is configured to support one communication interface or two communication interfaces, a low speed communication interface and a high speed communication interface. The node device participates in a heterogeneous multi-hop wireless network to simultaneously deliver data packets over multipath TCP (MPTCP) paths. A MPTCP path establishment method is provided for node device to build multiple paths to a data center. An adaptive congestion control algorithm is developed for node device to control congestion on a MPTCP path based on path properties such as path length, path bandwidth and path loss. A Markov chain model is provided for IEEE 802.15.4 Non-Slotted CSMA algorithm to compute round trip time on a MPTCP path, wherein a M/M/1/K model is applied to compute the queuing time. Based on round trip time computed and adaptive congestion control window computed, a novel path scheduling method is provided for node device to deliver data to data center. The node device includes a transceiver configured to receive and transmit regular data and other packets in a heterogeneous wireless network, a memory configured to store computer executable programs including paths of node device, round trip times for the paths and path information for downstream nodes, and a processor configured to perform steps of the computer executable programs. The steps include building paths and controlling congestion and computing round trip time and scheduling packet transmission.