MR Fluid Clutch Cable Drive for Low-Inertia Torque Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current cable-driven systems face limitations in dynamic response and efficiency due to reliance on hydraulic or electromagnetic actuation, with hydraulic systems prone to leakage and high output inertia, and electromagnetic systems being heavy and costly.

Innovation Solution

A cable-driven system utilizing magnetorheological fluid clutches to transmit torque, allowing controlled slippage and antagonistic pulling actions, decoupling inertia from the end effector and enabling lightweight, high-dynamic performance with reduced component count.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If hydraulic actuation is used, then reliability is improved, but weight increases and dynamic response is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereliabilityVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces hydraulic actuation with magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatuses, which use magnetic field control instead of hydraulic fluid pressure. This substitution eliminates heavy hydraulic pumps, reservoirs, and piping while achieving reliable torque transmission through controllable magnetic coupling, thus reducing weight while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses magnetorheological fluid, which is a smart fluid that changes its rheological properties in response to magnetic fields. This fluid-based approach maintains the benefits of fluid actuation (smooth operation, continuous control) while eliminating the need for complex hydraulic systems, thereby reducing weight without sacrificing reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

2Weight of moving object

If electromagnetic actuation is used, then weight is reduced, but dynamic response is limited and cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveweightVSAvoiddynamic response
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs magnetorheological fluid whose viscosity and yield stress can be rapidly changed by adjusting magnetic field strength. This allows the system to achieve fast dynamic response comparable to hydraulic systems while maintaining the weight advantages of electromagnetic actuation, and the solid-state magnetic control reduces complexity and cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Weight of moving object

If reduction gearboxes are used, then weight is reduced, but output inertia and friction increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveweightVSAvoidoutput inertia
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatuses as intermediary devices between the motor and the load. These clutches provide controlled torque transmission with adjustable slip characteristics, allowing the system to achieve lightweight design without the adverse effects of gearboxes on inertia and friction, as the MR fluid clutch can smoothly couple or decouple torque transmission.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Speed

If direct-drive motors are used, then dynamic response is improved, but weight and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedynamic responseVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the actuation system into a lightweight motor coupled with magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatuses, rather than using a single heavy direct-drive motor. This segmentation allows the use of a smaller, lighter motor while the MR fluid clutches provide the necessary torque control and dynamic response, achieving a balance between weight and performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves low output inertia, high control quality, and increased force accuracy, with a compact and lightweight design that filters non-linear behaviors of the power source, providing reliable and efficient torque transmission.

Implementation Method 1

magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatus configured to receive a degree of actuation (DOA) and connected to the output member, the magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatus being actuatable to selectively transmit the received DOA through the output member by controlled slippage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetorheological effect: Magnetorheological Fluid

Data Source

PatentEP3262312B1Cable-driven system with magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatuses
Publication Date: 2023.07.05 SCOPRA SCI & GENIE SEC
  • EP3262312B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3262312B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3262312B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A tensioning set comprises an output member. A magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatus is configured to receive a degree of actuation (DOA) and connected to the output member, the magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatus being actuatable to selectively transmit the received DOA through the output member by controlled slippage. A tensioning member is connected to the output member so as to be pulled by the output member upon actuation of the magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatus, a free end of the tensioning member adapted to exert a pulling action transmitted to an output when being pulled by the output member. The tensioning set, or a comparable compressing set, may be used in systems and robotic arms. A method for controlling movements of an output driven by the tensioning set or compressing set is also provided.