MR Image Creation Using Whole-Body and Local Transmission Coils

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current MR imaging techniques face challenges in achieving high signal quality and contrast while minimizing specific absorption rate (SAR) for examination subjects, especially for body parts that cannot be fully enclosed by local volume coils, leading to inhomogeneous excitation fields and increased heating.

Innovation Solution

A method utilizing a combination of a whole-body coil and a local transmission coil to radiate magnetic RF pulses, where the whole-body coil provides homogeneous excitation and the local transmission coil refocuses spins to minimize SAR and maximize imaging quality, using a turbo spin echo sequence with controlled flip angles and refocusing pulses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If high-intensity RF magnetic fields are used to maximize signal quality and contrast, then image quality is improved, but specific absorption rate (SAR) increases leading to excessive heating

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal qualityVSAvoidheating
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the RF transmission function into two separate coils: a whole-body coil for homogeneous excitation and a local transmitting coil for refocusing pulses. This segmentation allows each coil to operate at optimized power levels, with the local coil delivering high-intensity pulses only to the region of interest, thereby maintaining signal quality while reducing overall SAR

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The local transmitting coil is positioned to provide concentrated RF energy only to the specific body part being examined, creating a localized high-field region. This ensures high signal quality in the target area while minimizing RF exposure and heating in surrounding tissues, thus resolving the contradiction between signal quality and SAR

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Object-affected harmful factors

If local volume coils are used to reduce SAR and examination time, then SAR and coding time are reduced, but field strength drops at the edges of the field of view

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveSARVSAvoidfield strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the advantages of both whole-body and local coils by using the whole-body coil for the initial 90° excitation pulse (which benefits from homogeneous coverage) and the local transmitting coil for subsequent refocusing pulses (which benefit from high local field strength). This merging approach eliminates the field strength dropout at edges while maintaining low SAR

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Object-affected harmful factors

If transmitting TX surface coils are used to achieve low SAR, then SAR is reduced, but excitation field homogeneity deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveSARVSAvoidexcitation field homogeneity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the RF pulse sequence into two functional parts: homogeneous excitation by the whole-body coil and localized refocusing by the transmitting coil. This segmentation allows the system to achieve both low SAR (through the efficient local coil) and homogeneous excitation (through the whole-body coil), resolving the contradiction between these two requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Object-affected harmful factors

If local volume coils are used for body parts that cannot be enclosed, then SAR is reduced, but image quality is limited due to lower refocusing pulse intensities

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveSARVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The local transmitting coil is strategically positioned to concentrate RF energy precisely on the body part of interest, creating a localized high-field region. This allows high refocusing pulse intensities to be applied only where needed, maintaining high image quality while keeping overall SAR low. The coil's spatial selectivity enables it to overcome the intensity limitation of whole-body coils for difficult-to-access body parts

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for high-quality MR imaging with minimized SAR, enabling examination of difficult-to-access body parts while adhering to SAR limits, by ensuring homogeneous excitation and reducing energy absorption.

Implementation Method 1

at least one magnetic RF pulse is radiated over the entire object of investigation through a whole-body coil

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

allows an object under investigation to be excited in an MR system by a special MR imaging sequence

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNuclear Magnetic Resonance:

Implementation Method 3

at least one RF pulse is emitted through the local transmitting coil... all RF refocusing pulses of the readout module are injected with the local transmitting coil

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 4

partial absorption of the irradiated energy by the object occurs, resulting in heating. A measure of this absorption or heating is the specific absorption rate (SAR)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric Heating: Dielectric Heating

Data Source

PatentEP2947473B1Creation of an mr image with the aid of a combination of a whole body coil and a local transmission coil
Publication Date: 2022.05.25 SIEMENS HEALTHCARE GMBH
  • EP2947473B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2947473B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2947473B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for generating an MR image of an examination subject using an MR imaging sequence in an MR system, comprising the following steps: - Irradiating at least one RF pulse (3, 4) through a whole-body coil (21) of the MR system during the imaging sequence, - Irradiating at least one RF pulse (5) through a local transmitting coil (22) of the MR system during the imaging sequence, - Readout of MR signals generated by the irradiated RF pulses (3, 4, 5), - Generating the MR image from the readout MR signals.