MRI Contrast Agent Segmentation for PFO and Permeability Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting patent foramen ovale (PFO) and measuring body cavity permeability are inadequate, as they lack sensitivity and specificity in identifying defects and permeability changes.
Innovation Solution
Administering a T1-reducing contrast agent and a T2-reducing contrast agent to a patient, followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where the diffusion of the T2-reducing contrast agent from the right atrium to the left atrium indicates PFO, and the diffusion of the T1-reducing contrast agent across the luminal surface of a body cavity indicates permeability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If current methods are used for detecting PFO and measuring body cavity permeability, then the diagnostic process is simpler, but the sensitivity and specificity are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the detection process into two distinct phases using two different contrast agents: a T1-reducing contrast agent for initial imaging and a T2-reducing contrast agent for subsequent diffusion detection. This segmentation allows each agent to optimize for its specific function, improving overall detection precision while maintaining a systematic approach to the complex diagnostic process
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the magnetic resonance parameters by using two different contrast agents with distinct properties (T1-reducing and T2-reducing). This parameter change enables differential detection of contrast agent distribution, thereby improving the sensitivity and specificity of PFO detection and body cavity permeability measurement
2Measurement precision
If a single contrast agent is used, then the imaging procedure is simpler, but the ability to differentiate diffusion patterns is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the contrast agent function into two separate agents: T1-reducing for one imaging phase and T2-reducing for another phase. This segmentation enables the system to track diffusion patterns more accurately by observing how each agent behaves differently in the magnetic resonance imaging sequences
Solution Approach 2:
By introducing two contrast agents with different magnetic resonance parameters (T1 and T2 relaxation properties), the patent enables differentiation of diffusion patterns that would be indistinguishable with a single agent. The T2-reducing agent specifically enhances the ability to detect diffusion from the right atrium to the left atrium
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method effectively detects PFO and measures body cavity permeability by utilizing the differential diffusion of contrast agents, providing a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic tool.
Implementation Method 1
administering a T1-reducing contrast agent and a T2-reducing contrast agent to a patient; and imaging the patient; wherein diffusion of the T1 reducing contrast agent across the luminal surface of the body cavity is indicative of permeability
Implementation Method 2
diffusion of the T2-reducing contrast agent from the right atrium to the left atrium is indicative of patent foramen ovale
Implementation Method 3
imaging the patient comprises imaging via magnetic resonance imaging
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides systems and methods for providing a diagnostic examination to a patient, including, but not limited to a determination of the permeability of a patients' body cavity.