Multi-antigen Fusion Protein for CD8+ T Cell Stimulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccines lack effectiveness in stimulating CD8+ T cell immunity, are costly to produce, and face challenges in quality control, with existing methods either inefficient or associated with side effects, and there is a need for a vaccine that can safely and easily stimulate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
Innovation Solution
An artificial multi-antigen fusion protein is developed, comprising multiple antigen segments connected by cathepsin cleavage sites, which can be presented to MHC-I molecules, effectively stimulating CD8+ T cells and retaining the ability to stimulate CD4+ T cells, thereby overcoming the limitations of existing vaccines.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple polypeptides are used to cover all T cell epitopes, then epitope coverage is improved, but production cost and quality control complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple T cell epitopes (both CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes) into a single fusion protein construct. This merging approach maintains comprehensive epitope coverage while simplifying production to a single protein expression and purification process, eliminating the need to produce and quality control multiple separate polypeptides
Solution Approach 2:
The fusion protein is designed to simultaneously serve multiple functions: it presents both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes, enables comprehensive epitope coverage, and simplifies production. The single protein construct performs the work of multiple polypeptides while reducing manufacturing complexity
2Ease of manufacture
If a limited number of polypeptides are selected to reduce cost, then production cost is reduced, but epitope coverage is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple epitopes into a single fusion protein, achieving comprehensive epitope coverage with a single production process. This approach reduces the number of separate polypeptide productions needed while maintaining complete epitope representation, thereby reducing overall production cost
3Reliability
If traditional vaccines are used to stimulate CD8+ T cells, then CD8+ T cell stimulation is improved, but safety and production complexity worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the vaccine into distinct epitope regions within a fusion protein, including CD8+ epitopes that can be presented by MHC class I molecules and CD4+ epitopes for MHC class II presentation. This segmentation allows effective CD8+ T cell stimulation through specific epitope presentation while maintaining a simpler production process compared to traditional complex vaccines
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The fusion protein efficiently stimulates CD8+ T cells through the MHC-I pathway while maintaining CD4+ T cell stimulation, reducing production costs and simplifying quality control, and demonstrates improved immune response compared to traditional vaccines.
Implementation Method 1
The fusion protein of the present invention can be phagocytosed by antigen presenting cells and activate CD8+ cells
Implementation Method 2
a series of long peptides containing antigen segment are ligated by recognition sequences of cathepsin in the endosome and lysosome of antigen presenting cells
Implementation Method 3
the fusion protein vaccine... can be presented to MHC-I molecules, effectively stimulating CD8+ T cells
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are an artificial multi-antigen fusion protein and a preparation method thereof. The fusion protein can effectively stimulate CD8+T and CD4+ T cell immunities, and can be applied to immunodiagnostics or serve as a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine.