Multi-Axle EV Drivetrain Architecture with Split Gear Ratios

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electric driving systems for vehicles, particularly heavy vehicles, are costly, bulky, and prone to maintenance issues due to complex transmission units and gear shifting, which increases manufacturing time and costs.

Innovation Solution

A driving system architecture with multiple axles, each equipped with a transmission unit having a distinct gear ratio and electric machines connected via actuators, allowing seamless gear shifts through electronic control to optimize torque and gear ratios without bulky transmission units.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a complex transmission unit with multiple gear ratios is used, then the vehicle can cover all operative conditions, but the system becomes expensive, bulky, and prone to maintenance issues

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegear ratio coverageVSAvoidtransmission unit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the single complex transmission unit into multiple independent simple transmission units, each with a fixed gear ratio. Each unit is connected to separate electric machines (motors), allowing the system to achieve multiple gear ratios by selectively engaging different units rather than using one complex variable-ratio transmission.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical gear-shifting mechanism with an electronic control system that selectively activates different electric machines based on operating conditions. This eliminates the need for complex mechanical shifting components while maintaining adaptability across different speed and torque requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Power

If a transmission unit with multiple gear ratios is implemented, then torque exchange is optimized across operative conditions, but manufacturing costs and time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque exchange efficiencyVSAvoidmanufacturing cost and time
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the power transmission system into multiple independent pathways, each with a simple fixed-ratio transmission unit. This segmentation allows each component to be manufactured separately and independently, reducing overall manufacturing complexity and cost while maintaining optimized torque exchange through selective engagement of appropriate transmission pathways.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent combines multiple simple transmission units with individual electric machines into a unified driving system. This merging approach achieves the functional equivalence of a complex variable-ratio transmission while benefiting from the manufacturing simplicity and cost-effectiveness of multiple standardized, independent units.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Adaptability or versatility

If gear shifting is implemented in the transmission unit, then the system adapts to different operative conditions, but maintenance requirements increase and reliability decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperative condition adaptationVSAvoidsystem reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic adaptability not through mechanical gear shifting within a single transmission unit, but through selective engagement of multiple independent transmission units, each with a fixed gear ratio. This dynamic reconfiguration is controlled electronically based on real-time operating conditions, maintaining adaptability while eliminating the reliability issues associated with mechanical shifting components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent substitutes the mechanical gear-shifting mechanism with an electronic control system that manages the engagement and disengagement of multiple electric machines and transmission units. This replacement eliminates wear and failure points associated with mechanical shifting while preserving the system's ability to adapt to varying operative conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentEP4707020A1Improved driving system architecture for a vehicle
Publication Date: 2026.03.11 IVECO SPA
  • EP4707020A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4707020A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4707020A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Driving system architecture (1) for a vehicle, comprising at least two driving system (2a, 2b, 2c) each comprising a pair of shafts (3a, 3b, 3c) each carrying at least a wheel (4a, 4b, 4c), at least an electric machine (Ma, Mb, Mc) and a transmission unit (6a, 6b, 6b) operatively interposed between the electric machine (Ma, Mb, Mc) and at least one shaft (3a, 3b, 3c), a first transmission unit (6a, 6b, 6c) of a first driving system (2a, 2b, 2c) among the at least two driving system (2a, 2b, 2c) defining a gear ratio different with respect to a second transmission unit (6a, 6b, 6c) of a second driving system (2a, 2b, 2c) among the at least two driving system (2a, 2b, 2c), each driving system (2a, 2b, 2c) being configured to operatively connect or disconnect said electric machine (Ma, Mb, Mc) with respect to at least one shaft (3a, 3b, 3c).