Dynamic Power Allocation for Multi-Bus Battery Systems
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Solution Overview
Problem
Electrically powered vehicles with multiple independent electrical buses and batteries face challenges in allocating limited power generation capability between buses and loads, leading to insufficient power supply during peak loads and potential damage from transients, with existing solutions either relying on a single bus or lacking independent battery charging capabilities.
Innovation Solution
A system and method that dynamically allocate power from a single power source to multiple batteries via independent buses, using battery error signals, reference control signals, and power sensors to control power output, ensuring fair allocation and protection from over/under charging, and allowing for fault isolation and redundancy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a single power source supplies multiple independent electrical buses with batteries, then system complexity is reduced and cost is lowered, but the power source cannot supply sufficient power for peak loads and cannot respond quickly to load transients
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments the electrical distribution into multiple independent buses (first electrical bus and second electrical bus), each with its own battery (first battery and second battery). This segmentation allows each bus-battery combination to operate independently, enabling the system to handle peak loads on one bus without affecting the other, thereby increasing overall power supply capability while maintaining relatively simple system architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
Batteries are connected to each electrical bus to provide preliminary energy storage and transient response capability. When load transients occur, the local batteries can immediately respond without waiting for the central power source, enabling quick response to load changes while the power source maintains steady-state operation.
2Reliability
If power is distributed to multiple batteries simultaneously from a single power source, then fair allocation of limited power is achieved, but control complexity increases due to need for multiple control signals and power management
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements feedback control by monitoring the state of charge of each battery and adjusting power distribution accordingly. The control mechanism uses information about battery states to dynamically allocate power from the single power source, ensuring fair and efficient distribution while preventing overcharging or undercharging of individual batteries.
Solution Approach 2:
The single power source is designed to perform multiple functions: it can charge multiple batteries simultaneously, operate independently to supply power during battery failure, and work in conjunction with batteries during normal operation. This multi-functionality allows the system to achieve reliable power allocation without requiring separate power sources for each battery.
3Power
If switching between electrical buses is used to distribute power, then power source capacity is protected, but system reliability is reduced and fault isolation becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The electrical distribution system is segmented into independent buses with isolated battery connections. This segmentation eliminates the need for switching between buses to protect the power source, as each bus can independently manage its own power demands with its dedicated battery, thereby improving system reliability and simplifying fault isolation.
Solution Approach 2:
Batteries serve as intermediary energy storage devices between the power source and the electrical buses. They absorb transient power demands and prevent direct high-current transients from reaching the power source, protecting it without requiring complex switching mechanisms.
4Device complexity
If batteries are used as primary energy source without independent charging capability, then system simplicity is maintained, but adaptability is reduced and fault tolerance is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The system design allows batteries to serve multiple functions: they can operate as primary energy storage devices during normal operation, provide transient response during load variations, and serve as backup power sources during power source failures. Each battery is independently chargeable from the power source, providing adaptability and fault tolerance while maintaining relatively simple system architecture.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure is directed to a system including a power source connected to at least two electrical buses, and a battery connected to each one of the electrical buses. Each battery is charged by the power source and is connected to a load via one of the electrical buses. A battery error signal generator generates a battery error signal for each battery by finding a difference between a sensed battery voltage and a reference voltage. A reference control signal generator generates a reference control signal for each battery based on the battery error signals for each battery. A power sensor produces a sensed power signal between the power source and each battery connected to each of the two electrical buses. The reference control signal and the sensed power signal for each battery controls a power output value from the power source to each battery.