Multi-Carrier Bus Arbitration for Decentralized Systems
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing bus arbitration methods in multi-master systems face challenges in efficiently managing access conflicts and reducing failure rates, particularly in decentralized bus mediation systems like Ethernet and CAN, where collisions can occur due to non-deterministic access methods.
Innovation Solution
A method and device for bus arbitration that assigns uniquely identifying sequences of identification units to users, utilizing multiple communication channels to determine priority through simultaneous signal detection and transmission, allowing for reduced error rates and efficient conflict resolution without the need for a central regulator, enabling modular addition or removal of users and eliminating the requirement for reprogramming of bus control.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple bus users access the bus independently in decentralized systems, then system autonomy and modularity are improved, but access conflicts and collision failures increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by implementing a priority arbitration mechanism that determines access rights before actual data transmission occurs. Each bus user is pre-assigned priority levels, and the arbitration logic resolves conflicts in advance by granting bus access permission to the highest priority user detected through signal detection, preventing collisions before they happen.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary arbitration mechanism that mediates between multiple independent bus users. The system uses signal detection and priority comparison as intermediary processes to resolve conflicts, acting as a mediator that coordinates access without requiring a central controller, thus maintaining decentralization while ensuring reliable conflict resolution.
2Reliability
If signal transmission duration is extended to reduce errors, then transmission reliability is improved, but bandwidth utilization and transmission speed decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the bus arbitration process into distinct time segments: a detection phase where users detect signals from others, a priority comparison phase, and a transmission phase. This segmentation allows for efficient use of bandwidth by limiting extended signal durations only to the necessary detection and arbitration periods, rather than extending all transmissions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements periodic action through structured arbitration cycles that repeat in regular intervals. Each cycle includes signal detection, priority comparison, and access grant phases, allowing the system to maintain reliable error-free transmission during critical arbitration moments while quickly transitioning to normal high-speed data transmission in subsequent periods.
3Reliability
If centralized bus control is used to manage access, then conflict resolution is improved, but system complexity and reprogramming requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies self-service by enabling each bus user to autonomously determine its own access rights through local signal detection and priority comparison. Each user independently detects signals from other users, compares priorities locally, and determines whether to transmit without requiring external control decisions, thus reducing system complexity while maintaining reliable conflict resolution.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent inverts the traditional centralized control approach by having bus users independently make access decisions rather than receiving commands from a central controller. Instead of the controller assigning access rights, the system allows users to self-determine access based on detected signals and pre-configured priorities, simplifying the control structure while maintaining mediation functionality.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for bus arbitration is for use when working with multi-carrier modulation methods. Each user on a bus is assigned a unique address which identifies the user and which is transmitted upon each initiation of communication. The address is represented as a sequence of binary numerals, the number of bits of the binary numerals being equal to the number of carriers used in the multi-carrier modulation method. This sequence of binary numerals is transmitted successively for the arbitration via the multi-carrier modulation method, a user being eliminated from the arbitration when a further user at the same time has transmitted a binary numeral having higher priority. The transmission of the binary numeral may be repeated if the arbitration of the numeral does not lead to a result in one step. The method for bus arbitration may be used advantageously in a system for contactless energy supply. A redundant sending of phase-shifted signals reduces the failure rate because of random destructive interference.