Multi-Chamber Fluidized-Bed Ammonia Preparation with Atomized Feed
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for decomposing ammonium chloride into NH3 and HCl are complex, energy-intensive, and inefficient, with high energy consumption and difficulty in separating NH3 from HCl, and small ammonium chloride particles are easily generated.
Innovation Solution
A fluidized bed reactor with multiple chambers is used to react ammonium chloride with particulate inorganic salts, utilizing a preheating chamber and a reaction chamber with atomizing nozzles to generate ammonia gas in a single step, leveraging density differences in bed layers to facilitate the reaction and improve solid-liquid contact efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If ammonium chloride is decomposed by heating to obtain NH3 and HCl, then NH3 and HCl can be produced, but a large amount of ammonium chloride is sublimated and small particles are easily generated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the reaction parameters by using a fluidized bed reactor with controlled temperature zones and gas velocities. The reaction is conducted at lower temperatures (below the sublimation point of NH4Cl) with the presence of catalyst particles, transforming the decomposition process from thermal decomposition to catalytic reaction, thereby preventing sublimation and particle formation while maintaining high ammonia production efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces catalyst particles as intermediaries to facilitate the reaction between ammonium chloride and the inorganic salt. These catalyst particles enable the reaction to proceed at lower temperatures without direct thermal decomposition, thus avoiding sublimation and particle generation while maintaining high reaction efficiency
2Ease of operation
If reusable acidic substances are added to NH4Cl for stepwise reaction, then HCl can be released first followed by NH3, but the process becomes complicated and requires more than one device
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple reaction steps into a single fluidized bed reactor. By combining the inorganic salt, ammonium chloride, and catalyst particles together in one reactor, both HCl and NH3 are released sequentially within the same device, eliminating the need for multiple separate reaction chambers while maintaining ease of separation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary mixing of the inorganic salt, ammonium chloride, and catalyst particles before introducing them into the reactor. This preliminary preparation ensures that the stepwise reaction occurs automatically in the correct sequence (HCl first, then NH3) without requiring complex control systems or multiple devices
3Adaptability or versatility
If regeneration by heating is performed for ammonium bisulfate or magnesium oxide, then the reactants can be reused, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs the system so that the inorganic salt and catalyst particles continuously circulate between the reactor and preheating zone. The particles are regenerated in-situ within the system by contacting with hot gases in the fluidized bed, eliminating the need for external regeneration equipment and reducing energy consumption while maintaining reusability
4Device complexity
If NH3 is generated in one step by reacting ammonium chloride with inorganic salt, then reaction steps are simplified, but solid-liquid contact efficiency must be improved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a fluidized bed reactor where gas flow fluidizes the solid particles, creating excellent solid-liquid contact. The upward gas flow suspends the solid particles and promotes intense mixing and contact between the ammonium chloride solution and the inorganic salt-catalyst particles, ensuring high reaction efficiency while maintaining a simple one-step process
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method simplifies the reaction process, reduces energy consumption, and enhances the separation of ammonia gas from hydrogen chloride, achieving higher conversion rates with improved efficiency and scalability.
Implementation Method 1
a preheating chamber configured to heat the particulate inorganic salt
Implementation Method 2
at least one atomizing nozzle configured to atomize an ammonium chloride aqueous solution
Implementation Method 3
carrier gas is introduced into the fluidization chamber to form the particulate inorganic salt into a fluidized particle bed layer
Implementation Method 4
the particulate inorganic salt to contact and react with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride to generate the ammonia gas
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are a preparation device and a preparation method of ammonia gas. The preparation device, prepares ammonia gas by reacting ammonium chloride with a particulate inorganic salt, includes one fluidized bed reactor with at least two fluidization chambers, in which one is a preheating chamber configured to preheat the particulate inorganic salt, and the other is a reaction chamber inside provided with at least one atomizing nozzle, the particulate inorganic salt forming a fluidized bed layer and reacting with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride in the reaction chamber to generate the ammonia gas. The particulate inorganic salt can be sequentially flowed through a plurality of preheating chambers and reaction chambers under an impetus of a density difference of the particulate bed layers, finally achieving the required conversion rate.