Multi-Contrast MRI From Single Scan Using Variable Repetition Times
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional volumetric fast spin-echo MRI protocols require multiple separate scans to obtain magnetic resonance images with multiple contrasts, leading to increased scanning time and blurring issues with samples having short decay times.
Innovation Solution
A method that varies MRI repetition times and/or inversion times during the emission of radio frequency pulses, combined with pseudo-random sampling patterns, allows for the generation of multiple image contrasts from a single scan, reducing blurring and scanning time.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If multiple separate MRI scans are performed to obtain images with multiple contrasts, then image contrast quality is improved, but scanning time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple contrast acquisitions into a single scan by acquiring data at multiple repetition times (TR) and inversion times (TI) within one scan sequence. The k-space data collected at different TR/TI combinations are subsequently processed to generate multiple contrast images (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, proton-density) from the single acquired dataset, eliminating the need for separate scans for each contrast type.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent varies the repetition time (TR) and inversion time (TI) parameters during a single scan to encode multiple contrast types into the acquired data. By systematically changing these temporal parameters across different excitations while collecting k-space data, the method captures signal characteristics at different relaxation stages, enabling post-processing generation of multiple contrast images from the single scan.
2Productivity
If conventional MRI protocols are used for samples with short decay times, then scanning is completed, but image quality deteriorates due to blurring
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dynamic adjustment of repetition times and inversion times adapted to the specific decay characteristics of the sample. By optimizing the timing parameters based on the short decay time properties and using pseudo-random sampling patterns, the method captures sufficient signal information before decay occurs, preventing the blurring artifacts that result from conventional fixed-protocol scanning of short-decay samples.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary optimization of the pulse sequence parameters (TR, TI, echo times) based on expected or measured decay characteristics before acquiring the actual imaging data. This preliminary setup ensures that the scanning parameters are pre-configured to capture the rapid signal decay without loss of spatial resolution, avoiding the blurring that occurs when standard protocols are used on short-decay samples.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple separate scans are performed to obtain multiple contrasts, then comprehensive imaging coverage is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal scanning protocol that simultaneously acquires data suitable for multiple contrast types within a single scan sequence. The pulse sequence is designed to collect k-space information at multiple TR and TI points, making the single scan applicable for generating T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and proton-density images, thereby providing multi-functionality without requiring separate specialized scans for each contrast type.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables the acquisition of multiple MRI contrasts, including proton-density, T1-weighted, and T2-weighted images, from a single scan, reducing blurring and scanning time, and providing clinically viable imaging with reduced artifacts.
Implementation Method 1
MRI systems use properties of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to obtain MRI images of a target sample. Some atomic nuclei can absorb and emit radio frequency energy when placed in an external magnetic field. Pulses of radio waves, generated by the MRI scanner, excite the nuclear spin energy transition of the atomic nuclei.
Implementation Method 2
Magnetic field gradients localize the signal generated by the nuclear spin energy transition of the atomic nuclei in space.
Data Source
AI summary
In a volumetric fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging system a plurality of radio frequency pulses can be emitted. The plurality of radio frequency pulses can be directed toward a target sample. The plurality of radio frequency pulses can have a set of repetition times. The set of repetition times can define a frequency at which the plurality of radio frequency pulses are emitted. The set of repetition times can be varied during the emitting of the plurality of the radio frequency pulses. Magnetic resonance imaging data of a target sample can be received. A pseudo-random sampling pattern can be used to facilitate the receiving of the magnetic resonance imaging data having multiple magnetic resonance imaging contrasts for a single scan.