Multi-Directional Layering in Fused Filament Fabrication

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional fused filament fabrication (FFF) techniques result in components with weak seams due to unidirectional layering, making them prone to failure under torsional forces as the seams contain the least amount of material and are subjected to normal forces.

Innovation Solution

Implementing multi-directional layering strengthening by depositing layers in different angular orientations, with each layer oriented at specific offset angles to distribute and alleviate stresses, thereby increasing the strength and durability of the component.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If unidirectional layering is used in FFF, then the manufacturing process is simple, but the component strength is weak due to seams containing least material

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing process simplicityVSAvoidcomponent strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from unidirectional layering to multi-directional layering by changing the orientation dimension of deposited layers. Layers are deposited at various angles (e.g., 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°) relative to the previous layer, creating a cross-ply laminate structure that distributes stresses more effectively and eliminates weak seam points associated with single-direction layering.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite laminate structure by combining layers with different fiber orientations. This multi-directional composite structure integrates the strength benefits of unidirectional layers while distributing loads across multiple orientations, preventing failure at seam locations and improving overall component strength and torsional resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Ease of manufacture

If unidirectional layering is used, then material deposition is straightforward, but the component is prone to failure under torsional forces

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial deposition simplicityVSAvoidresistance to torsional failure
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces angular orientation as an additional dimension in material deposition. Instead of depositing all layers in a single direction, the system varies the deposition angle across different layers, creating a multi-axial laminate structure that resists torsional forces by distributing shear stresses across multiple orientation planes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different layer orientations to different regions or sequences of the component build. By strategically varying the angle of each layer based on local stress requirements, the component achieves enhanced torsional resistance where needed while maintaining manufacturing efficiency through systematic deposition patterns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Strength

If multi-directional layering is implemented, then component strength and durability are enhanced, but the manufacturing process becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveload-carrying capabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent systematically varies the deposition angle parameter across different layers to achieve multi-directional strengthening. By controlling the angle parameter in a structured sequence (e.g., alternating 0°/90° or progressive 0°/45°/90°/135°), the system enhances strength and durability while maintaining manageable process complexity through programmable parameter variation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs periodic variation in layer orientation angles during the deposition process. By repeating cycles of angle changes (such as alternating between perpendicular orientations or following a progressive angular sequence), the system achieves comprehensive multi-directional reinforcement while simplifying control through rhythmic, predictable parameter patterns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the load-carrying capability, stiffness, and durability of components by distributing stresses and reducing the likelihood of failure conditions, particularly in areas prone to torque, compared to traditional unidirectional methods.

Implementation Method 1

multi-directional layering strengthening by depositing layers in different angular orientations, with each layer oriented at specific offset angles to distribute and alleviate stresses

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStress distribution:

Data Source

PatentEP2998110B1Fused filament fabrication method using multi-directional strengthening layering
Publication Date: 2023.12.20 THE BOEING CO
  • EP2998110B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2998110B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2998110B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Technologies for fused filament fabrication using multi-directional layering are disclosed herein. According to aspects of the disclosure, a component may be strengthened using a multi-directional layering manufacturing technique. In some implementations, one or more portions of the component are manufactured in different orientations. In still further implementations, one layer of a component is laid down in a first orientation and a second layer of the component is laid down in a second orientation.