Multi-Electrode DBS Lead with Directional Stimulation
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Existing multi-electrode leads for Deep Brain Stimulation and similar applications face limitations in electrode density and directional stimulation/sensing due to their small diameter and annular electrode design, which restricts the number of electrodes and complicates signal orientation and current steering.
Innovation Solution
The development of multi-electrode leads with a method of forming conductive tracks and electrodes on a rigid insulating core, allowing for higher electrode density and flexible placement, including circumferential and longitudinal distribution, using biocompatible materials and selective etching or laser removal for precise electrode exposure, and integration with a multiplexer for switching electrode roles.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If the lead diameter is kept small for implantation, then the invasiveness is reduced, but the number of electrodes that can be placed on the lead is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from traditional annular electrodes arranged in a single circular dimension to multi-dimensional electrode arrangements including longitudinal, transverse, and oblique orientations. This dimensional expansion allows significantly more electrodes to be packed onto the lead while maintaining a small diameter, thereby increasing electrode quantity without increasing invasiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent divides the electrode array into multiple independent segments or groups with different orientations (longitudinal, transverse, oblique). Each segment can be independently controlled and switched, allowing the system to function with fewer simultaneous connections while maintaining high overall electrode density on the lead.
2Device complexity
If annular electrodes are used on small-diameter leads, then the lead structure is simple, but the directional stimulation and sensing capability is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces asymmetric electrode orientations including longitudinal, transverse, and oblique arrangements rather than uniform annular symmetry. This asymmetry enables directional current flow and selective stimulation of specific brain regions, greatly enhancing adaptability while the overall lead structure remains relatively simple through modular construction.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a multiplexer system that dynamically switches between different electrode groups and orientations based on therapeutic requirements. This dynamic reconfiguration allows the same physical electrode array to provide multiple directional stimulation patterns, enhancing versatility without requiring a permanently complex structure.
3Quantity of substance
If more electrodes are placed on the lead, then the electrode density increases, but the space for conductor cables within the lead is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the electrode array into multiple independent groups that can be switched in combination. This segmentation allows the conductor cables to connect to fewer terminals at any given time through the multiplexer, reducing the immediate conductor space required while maintaining high electrode density on the lead surface.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a multiplexer system where a small number of conductor cables serve multiple electrodes through time-multiplexed switching. Each conductor cable becomes universal, connecting to different electrode groups at different times, thereby reducing the total conductor cable space needed while supporting high electrode density.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables more complex electrode geometries and improved directional stimulation and sensing capabilities, allowing for higher electrode density and flexible current steering, enhancing treatment efficacy and communication with brain regions.
Implementation Method 1
This material, which is preferably gold, platinum, iridium, wolfram or tantalum, can be applied by sputtering, deposition, plating, printing, or other appropriate methods to provide a conductive film or layer 110
Implementation Method 2
Portions of the conductive layer 110 are then removed, as by use of chemical etching and/or laser removal, to define conductive tracks 112 on the core's exterior surface 104
Data Source
AI summary
A lead for use in Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and similar applications has a rigid lead tip with multiple electrodes thereon. The electrodes are formed by coating a lead tip core with a conductive material; selectively removing the conductive material to define the electrodes and conductive tracks leading therefrom; and then applying a layer of insulating material over the tracks to leave the electrodes exposed. Terminals are also left exposed on the tracks for connection to energy supply and/or data transmission lines. Such lines are preferably provided on or within a flexible lead body connected to the lead tip.