Multi-Enzyme Analyte Sensor With Bilayer Membranes for Stable Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing in vivo analyte sensors typically detect a single analyte and require multiple sensors for multi-analyte monitoring, which is inconvenient, costly, and prone to sensor failure due to differing membrane permeabilities and sensitivities, complicating analyses.
Innovation Solution
Incorporation of multiple enzymes in a single analyte sensor, with tailored membranes and active areas to facilitate independent or concerted detection of multiple analytes, reducing the need for multiple sensors and enhancing stability with stabilizers like catalase and albumin.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple analyte sensors are used for multi-analyte monitoring, then detection capability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple analyte sensors into a single integrated sensor device. Each analyte sensor contains multiple enzymes that can detect different analytes, allowing one sensor to perform the function of what would traditionally require multiple separate sensors. This merging approach reduces device complexity while maintaining multi-analyte detection capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The analyte sensor is designed with universal functionality to detect multiple different analytes simultaneously. By incorporating multiple enzymes with different specificities into a single sensor, the device can universally monitor various analytes (such as glucose, lactate, ketones) without requiring separate specialized sensors for each analyte.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple analyte sensors are used for multi-analyte monitoring, then detection capability is improved, but cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple analyte sensors into a single integrated device, reducing the total number of sensors required. This consolidation directly reduces the overall cost burden on individuals and insurance providers while maintaining the ability to monitor multiple analytes simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The sensor employs universal multi-analyte detection capability through integrated enzymes, eliminating the need for multiple specialized sensors. This universal approach reduces the quantity of sensors needed and consequently lowers the total cost compared to using separate single-analyte sensors for each target.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple analyte sensors are used for multi-analyte monitoring, then detection capability is improved, but reliability decreases due to increased failure opportunity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple analyte detection functions into a single sensor platform, reducing the number of potential failure points. Instead of having multiple independent sensors that could fail individually, the integrated design provides a single unified system with consolidated enzymes and detection mechanisms, thereby improving overall reliability.
4Measurement precision
If mass transport limiting membrane is used to avoid sensor overload, then detection accuracy is improved, but sensitivity for multiple analytes becomes significantly different
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies different membrane permeability characteristics to different regions or analyte detection pathways within the sensor. By tailoring the membrane properties locally for each analyte detection zone, the sensor achieves both mass transport limitation for accuracy and appropriate sensitivity for each specific analyte, resolving the contradiction between precision and uniform sensitivity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables efficient, reduced-size, and stable multi-analyte detection with improved sensitivity and accuracy, minimizing sensor complexity and failure risks.
Implementation Method 1
In one aspect, the active area may comprise an analyte-responsive enzyme. In another aspect, the active area may comprise a first enzyme and a second enzyme.
Implementation Method 2
amperometric sensors configured for assaying glucose in vivo have been developed and refined over recent years
Implementation Method 3
the membrane may be permeable or semi-permeable to an analyte of interest and limit the overall analyte flux to the active area of the analyte sensor
Implementation Method 4
the membrane may function as a mass transport limiting membrane. Limiting analyte access to the active area of the sensor with a mass transport limiting membrane can aid in avoiding sensor overload
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and analyte sensors including at least a first working electrode having a first active area thereon, and performing a dip coating operation to deposit a bilayer membrane upon the first working electrode and the first active area. The bilayer may include an inner layer having a first membrane polymer and an outer layer having a second membrane polymer, the first membrane polymer and the second membrane polymer differing from one another. The dip coating operation may comprise one or more first dips in a first membrane formulation to form the inner layer of the bilayer membrane and one or more second dips in a second membrane formulation to form the outer layer of the bilayer membrane upon the inner layer.