Multi-Enzyme Analyte Sensor With Bilayer Membrane Flux Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing in vivo analyte sensors typically detect a single analyte and require multiple sensors for multi-analyte monitoring, which is inconvenient, costly, and prone to sensor failure, with differing membrane permeabilities complicating multi-analyte analyses.
Innovation Solution
Incorporation of multiple enzymes in a single analyte sensor, with tailored membrane permeability and enzyme configurations allowing independent or concerted detection of multiple analytes, reducing the need for multiple sensors and enhancing stability with stabilizers like catalase and albumin.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple analyte sensors are used to detect multiple analytes, then measurement capability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple analyte-responsive enzymes into a single sensor device, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple analytes (e.g., glucose, lactate, ketones) using one sensor rather than requiring separate sensors for each analyte. This merging approach reduces device complexity while maintaining multi-analyte detection capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The sensor is designed with universal functionality to detect multiple different analytes through the incorporation of multiple enzymes, each responsive to different analytes. This multi-functional design allows a single sensor to perform multiple detection functions that would traditionally require separate specialized sensors.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple analyte sensors are used, then detection coverage is improved, but cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
By merging multiple sensor functions into a single integrated sensor, the patent reduces the total number of sensors required, thereby lowering the overall cost for multi-analyte monitoring while maintaining comprehensive detection coverage.
3Measurement precision
If multiple independent analyte sensors are used, then detection specificity is improved, but reliability decreases due to increased failure risk
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple analyte detection functions into a single sensor system, reducing the number of potential failure points. This consolidation maintains detection specificity through the use of multiple enzymes with distinct analyte specificities while improving overall system reliability by eliminating the need for multiple independent sensors that could fail.
4Measurement precision
If mass transport limiting membrane is used, then detection accuracy is improved by avoiding sensor overload, but sensitivity differences for multiple analytes complicate analysis
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies different membrane permeability characteristics to different regions or functions within the sensor, allowing each analyte to be transported at optimal rates for its specific detection requirements. This local differentiation of membrane properties enables the sensor to maintain detection accuracy for multiple analytes with different permeability requirements without requiring complex external management systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Facilitates efficient, stable detection of multiple analytes with reduced sensor complexity and size, overcoming sensitivity differences and manufacturing challenges.
Implementation Method 1
In one aspect, the active area may comprise an analyte-responsive enzyme. In another aspect, the active area may comprise a first enzyme and a second enzyme, wherein the first enzyme and the second enzyme are capable of interacting in concert.
Implementation Method 2
the membrane may be permeable or semi-permeable to an analyte of interest and limit the overall analyte flux to the active area of the analyte sensor
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and analyte sensors including at least a first working electrode having a first active area thereon, and performing a dip coating operation to deposit a bilayer membrane upon the first working electrode and the first active area. The bilayer may include an inner layer having a first membrane polymer and an outer layer having a second membrane polymer, the first membrane polymer and the second membrane polymer differing from one another. The dip coating operation may comprise one or more first dips in a first membrane formulation to form the inner layer of the bilayer membrane and one or more second dips in a second membrane formulation to form the outer layer of the bilayer membrane upon the inner layer.