Multi-Focus X-Ray Source Uniform Signal Distribution

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional multi-detector inverse fan beam x-ray diffraction imaging systems experience non-uniform signal distribution due to comparable spatial extents of the multi-focus x-ray source and coherent x-ray scatter detector array, leading to inefficient detection and higher false alarm rates.

Innovation Solution

A multi-detector inverse fan beam x-ray diffraction imaging system with a compact multi-focus x-ray source and strategically positioned coherent x-ray scatter detectors, where each focus point emits pencil primary x-ray beams and detectors are arranged to satisfy a specific spacing equation, ensuring uniform signal coverage and redundancy across the object.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Area of stationary object

If the multi-focus x-ray source and detector array have comparable spatial extents, then the system can cover the entire object width, but the scatter signal distribution becomes significantly non-uniform

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoverage areaVSAvoidsignal uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by making the MFXS smaller than the object width, creating a localized beam configuration where each detector receives a narrow pencil beam. This localized approach ensures uniform signal distribution across different regions of the object, with each point being seen by at least M detectors, rather than having uniform source coverage that creates non-uniform signal distribution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Manufacturing precision

If the MFXS is smaller than the object width to achieve uniform coverage, then signal uniformity improves, but the inverse fan beam bundle becomes narrow approximating a pencil beam

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal uniformityVSAvoiddetection efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the detection task across multiple detectors, where each detector captures scatter from a specific pencil beam. The system segments the object into multiple regions, each monitored by specific detector-source pairs, with redundancy (M detectors per point) ensuring comprehensive coverage while maintaining uniformity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from a conventional fan beam geometry to an inverse fan beam geometry, effectively changing the dimensional arrangement of the beam paths. This dimensional change allows the narrow pencil beams to sweep across the object while multiple detectors positioned at different locations capture scattered photons, maintaining both uniformity and detection efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Manufacturing precision

If the inverse fan beam bundle is narrow (pencil beam), then uniform signal distribution is achieved, but photon efficiency and detection accuracy decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal uniformityVSAvoiddetection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-positioning multiple detectors to intercept scattered photons from each pencil beam path before the photons are lost. The system is configured in advance with detectors at specific locations and angles, ensuring that scattered photons are captured efficiently. This preliminary arrangement of detectors compensates for the narrow beam geometry, maintaining detection accuracy while preserving signal uniformity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves higher photon efficiency, reduced false alarm rates, and increased detection accuracy with a more uniform intensity distribution, facilitating cost-effective and reliable security screening.

Implementation Method 1

an x-ray source transmits x-rays through an object or a container

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray emission: X-Ray

Implementation Method 2

x-ray diffraction imaging systems use an inverse fan-beam geometry and a multi-focus x-ray source to measure d-spacings between lattice planes of micro-crystals in materials

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray diffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 3

detect coherent scatter rays from a plurality of primary beams as the plurality of primary beams propagate through an object

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCoherent scattering: Scattering

Data Source

PatentEP2221847B1X-ray diffraction imaging system, and method for fabricating the x-ray diffraction imaging system
Publication Date: 2016.01.27 MORPHO DETECTION LLC
  • EP2221847B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2221847B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2221847B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A multi-focus x-ray source (MFXS) for a multiple inverse fan beam x-ray diffraction imaging (MIFB XDI) system. The MFXS (12) includes a plurality of focus points (54) defined along a length of the MFXS collinear with the y-axis (58). The MFXS (12) is configured to generate the plurality of primary beams (60), and at least M coherent x-ray scatter detectors (24) are configured to detect coherent scatter rays from the primary beams as the primary beams propagate through a section of the object positioned within the examination area (14) when a spacing P between adjacent coherent x-ray scatter detectors satisfies the equation: P=Ws⋅VM⋅U, where Ws is a lateral extent of the plurality of focus points (54), U is a distance from the y-axis (58) to a top surface of the examination area, and V is a distance from the top surface to the line at the coordinate X = L.