Multi-HLA Binding Peptide Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current cancer vaccines are poorly immunogenic and fail to benefit most patients due to extensive inter-individual tumor genomic heterogeneity, making it challenging to scale HLA-specific cancer vaccines to large populations effectively.

Innovation Solution

Identification of T cell epitopes from specific gastric, lung, melanoma, and bladder cancer-associated antigens that can bind to at least three HLA class I genes in a high proportion of individuals, used to develop polypeptides that induce specific immune responses against tumor cells.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If HLA-specific cancer vaccines are developed to target specific tumor antigens, then tumor-specific T cell responses can be activated, but the vaccines fail to benefit most patients due to extensive inter-individual tumor genomic heterogeneity and limited scalability to large populations

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetumor-specific T cell response activationVSAvoidscalability to large populations

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent identifies epitopes that can bind to multiple HLA class I genes (at least three different HLA alleles) rather than being restricted to a single HLA type. This multi-HLA binding capability allows the vaccine to induce T cell responses across diverse patient populations with different HLA genotypes, thereby improving scalability while maintaining tumor-specific response activation

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the binding specificity parameter of the epitopes from single-HLA restriction to multi-HLA binding capability. By selecting epitopes that bind to at least three different HLA class I genes, the vaccine composition achieves broader population coverage and adaptability while preserving the ability to activate tumor-specific immune responses

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If current cancer vaccines induce new immune responses, then they can target tumor antigens, but they are poorly immunogenic and fail to benefit most patients

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveimmune response induction capabilityVSAvoidimmunogenicity

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the conventional approach of using whole protein antigens or viral vectors with a peptide-based system. By using synthetic peptides comprising epitopes that bind to multiple HLA class I genes, the invention achieves superior immunogenicity and reliable T cell activation while maintaining the ability to induce specific anti-tumor immune responses

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentUS20240000911A1Peptide vaccines

Publication Date: 2024.01.04 TREOS BIO LTD

AI summary

The disclosure relates to polypeptides and pharmaceutical compositions comprising polypeptides that find use in the prevention or treatment of cancer, in particular gastric cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and bladder cancer. The disclosure also relates to methods of inducing a cytotoxic T cell response in a subject or treating cancer by administering pharmaceutical compositions comprising the peptides, and companion diagnostic methods of identifying subjects for treatment. The peptides comprise T cell epitopes that are immunogenic in a high percentage of patients.