Multi-Input MPPT Control Using Out-of-Phase Perturbations

The patent applies segmentation by implementing independent MPPT control loops for each PV module input. Each input has its own perturb and observe algorithm that independently tracks the maximum power point of its respective module, allowing multiple power sources to be optimized simultaneously without interference. This segmented approach resolves the contradiction by enabling both single-module optimization and multi-source operation capability.

The patent employs periodic action by implementing synchronized but out-of-phase perturbations for co-located PV modules. The perturbations are applied in a periodic manner with opposite phases, allowing the system to distinguish between correlated irradiance effects and independent module variations. This periodic approach simplifies the control coordination by providing a structured method to handle multiple independent MPPT tracking loops.

The patent applies feedback by continuously monitoring the power output from each PV module and using this information to adjust the operating current and voltage levels. The perturb and observe method uses feedback from power measurements to determine whether to increase or decrease the operating point, enabling dynamic tracking of maximum power points while maintaining stability through controlled, incremental adjustments rather than abrupt changes.