Multi-layer building with secure access and escape routes in case of fire
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Solution Overview
Problem
Multi-storey buildings above a certain height pose challenges in fire safety as existing solutions are costly, time-consuming, and often introduced late in the planning phase, requiring costly subsequent replanning and additional measures to meet legal requirements.
Innovation Solution
The design incorporates horizontal and vertical fire breaks that serve as barriers against fire, water, and smoke, combined with a smoke protection pressure system (RDA) that keeps core zones smoke-free, allowing normal elevators to function safely during fires without the need for separate fire brigade lifts, and utilizes mezzanines for RDA installation, ensuring complete fire segmentation and independent operation of fire protection segments.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If separate fire brigade lifts and specialized fire protection systems are installed, then fire safety reliability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the fire brigade lift function with the normal elevator system by equipping standard elevators with fire-resistant doors and integration into the smoke protection pressure system. This merging eliminates the need for separate specialized fire brigade lifts while maintaining fire safety functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent makes normal elevators multi-functional by enabling them to serve both regular transportation purposes and fire brigade access functions. Through fire-resistant sealing and integration with the RDA system, standard elevators gain fire safety capabilities without requiring dedicated fire service equipment.
2Reliability
If comprehensive fire protection measures are implemented, then fire safety is improved, but construction time and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates fire protection measures into the initial building design and construction phase. Fire-resistant doors, sealing systems, and integration with the smoke protection pressure system are built in from the start, eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming retrofits after construction.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If fire protection segments are sealed off vertically, then fire spread is limited, but escape route complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the stairwell and elevator shaft into a single integrated core zone that is collectively protected by the smoke protection pressure system. This merging maintains vertical fire segmentation while providing a unified, clearly defined escape and access route that reduces complexity compared to separate protected pathways.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design ensures compliance with legal requirements from the planning phase, eliminating the need for costly additional measures, providing safe access and escape routes, and allowing firefighters to operate safely within the building, while maintaining architectural freedom in usable areas.
Implementation Method 1
a smoke protection pressure system (RDA) generates overpressure in core zone 1, so that when fire protection doors 312a, 312b are opened, no gases or smoke can penetrate core zone 1
Implementation Method 2
In order to support the flow of fresh air out of the building, the chimney effect as well as the wind pressure on the windward side and the suction effect on the leeward side of the building are used
Implementation Method 3
horizontal fire breaks 31, in addition to providing fire protection, also serve as a barrier against water or other extinguishing agents
Data Source
Figure 1a
Figure 1b
Figure 2a
AI summary
Multi-story building with safe access and escape routes in case of fire, with a core zone 1 containing a stairwell 11 and/or a lift shaft 12 for an elevator F, horizontal fire- and water-resistant fire barriers 31 that seal off the core zone 1 horizontally from surrounding usable areas 2 against fire and water, and vertical fire- and water-resistant fire barriers 32 that divide the core zone 1 vertically into core segments 1' and seal off the usable areas 2 vertically into fire protection segments 2' against fire and water, wherein the vertical fire barriers 32 form intermediate floors 32a and each core segment 1' is protected by a smoke control pressure system 4 and is connected to at least the intermediate floor 32a above or below in such a way that, in case of fire, the smoke control pressure system 4 protects not only this core segment 1' but also this intermediate floor 32a connected above or below it. keeps it smoke-free.