Multi-layer Toner Structure for Transfer Efficiency

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

In high-speed electrophotographic processes, small toner particles experience poor transfer efficiency due to increased non-electrostatic adhesive forces with photoreceptors and intermediate transfer members, and external additives can become buried, reducing efficiency over time.

Innovation Solution

A toner with a multi-layer structure comprising a main body particle, a layer A of styrene-acrylic resin, and a layer B of acrylic resin, which are incompatible with the binder resin, providing mechanical strength and reducing adhesive forces, and a method of manufacturing this toner by dissolving components in an organic solvent, emulsifying in an aqueous medium, and heating to fix the resin particles on the toner surface.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If small-sized toner particles are used to precisely reproduce latent images, then image quality is improved, but non-electrostatic adhesive force increases causing poor transfer efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage qualityVSAvoidtransfer efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating a multi-layer toner particle structure where the surface layer (layer A) has different properties from the core (main body particle). The surface layer is specifically designed with reduced non-electrostatic adhesive force to improve transfer efficiency, while the core maintains the small particle size needed for high image quality. This localized differentiation resolves the contradiction between small particle size and transfer efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite materials by combining multiple resin types in a layered structure. Layer A contains resin A particles and layer B contains resin B particles, where these resins are incompatible with the binder resin in the main body. This composite structure allows the surface layers to provide low adhesive force for efficient transfer while the core provides the necessary mechanical properties and small particle characteristics for high-quality image reproduction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Productivity

If external additives are used to reduce non-electrostatic adhesive force, then transfer efficiency is improved, but additives become buried in toner particles over time causing efficiency deterioration

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransfer efficiencyVSAvoidtransfer efficiency stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-forming stable surface layers (A and B) on the toner particles before they undergo mechanical stress during development. These surface layers are specifically engineered to maintain their structure and prevent additive burial under mechanical stress, ensuring that transfer efficiency remains stable over extended periods even in high-speed apparatuses with intensive agitation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent effectively replaces the traditional approach of using external additives (which get buried and失效) with a structural solution where the surface layers themselves provide the low adhesive force property. The surface layers are designed to be mechanically robust and resistant to burial, making them a durable, long-lasting solution rather than a temporary additive approach.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Productivity

If secondary transfer electric field is increased to improve transfer efficiency, then transfer efficiency improves, but image quality and compactness deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransfer efficiencyVSAvoidapparatus compactness
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the harmful effect of small particle size (increased non-electrostatic adhesive force) into a beneficial design opportunity. By recognizing that small particles inherently have high adhesive force, the invention designs a multi-layer structure where the surface layers are specifically engineered to counteract this adhesive force. This transforms the problem of small particle adhesive forces into a structured solution that improves transfer efficiency without requiring increased electric fields or larger apparatus dimensions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The toner achieves high transfer efficiency even at short exposure times and maintains performance over extended periods by minimizing adhesive forces and preventing additive burial, ensuring reliable developability and image quality.

Implementation Method 1

The binder resin includes an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAmorphous resin structure:

Implementation Method 2

The binder resin includes an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrystalline resin structure:

Implementation Method 3

heating to fix the resin particles on the toner surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Implementation Method 4

non-electrostatic adhesive force between the toner particle and a photoreceptor or an intermediate transfer member

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNon-electrostatic adhesive force: Van der Waals Force

Data Source

PatentUS8568951B2Toner, method of manufacturing toner, image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
Publication Date: 2013.10.29 RICOH CO LTD
  • US8568951B2 patent drawing
  • US8568951B2 patent drawing
  • US8568951B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A toner including a main body particle, a layer B located overlying the main body particle, and a layer A located overlying the layer B is provided. The binder resin includes an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin. The layer B is comprised of particles of a resin B. The layer A is comprised of particles of a resin A. A method of manufacturing the above toner is also provided. The method includes dissolving or dispersing toner components in an organic solvent to prepare a toner components liquid. The toner components include the binder resin. The method further includes emulsifying the toner components liquid in an aqueous medium to prepare an emulsion. The aqueous medium contains the particles of the resins A and B. The method further includes removing the organic solvent from the emulsion and heating the emulsion.