Multi-Layer Reflector Wavelength Selective Switch
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional optical switches, particularly those using OEO conversion, are limited by processing speed and dependent on wavelength, modulation format, and modulation frequency, and existing all-optical switches with MEMS or LC modulators often suffer from crosstalk and inefficiencies in wavelength selection.
Innovation Solution
A wavelength selective switch (WSS) apparatus featuring a multi-layer reflector with controllable pixels, a polarization diversity element, anamorphic expansion, and a focusing element, which allows precise control of light beams by individually controlling each pixel to attenuate or block specific wavelength components without the need for electro-mechanical switching.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If OEO conversion is used for optical switching, then wavelength-dependent switching is achieved, but processing speed is limited by electronic processing capabilities
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the electronic processing system (OEO conversion) with a purely optical system using LCOS modulators and diffraction gratings. The LCOS modulators directly modulate optical waves in the optical domain without electronic conversion, achieving both wavelength-dependent switching and high-speed operation limited only by the optical modulator response time.
2Device complexity
If conventional single-layer reflectors are used in WSS, then simple structure is maintained, but crosstalk and inefficiencies in wavelength selection occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from a single-layer reflector to a multi-layer reflector structure where each layer is responsible for reflecting specific wavelength components. This dimensional expansion from one layer to multiple layers enables precise wavelength separation and reduces crosstalk between adjacent wavelength channels, significantly improving wavelength selection accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The reflector is segmented into multiple independent layers, with each layer tuned to reflect specific wavelength ranges. This segmentation allows independent control and optimization of each wavelength band, preventing interference between wavelengths and enhancing the overall reliability of wavelength selection.
3Use of energy by moving object
If MEMS or LC modulators are used for all-optical switching, then compact size and low power consumption are achieved, but crosstalk between channels occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a multi-layer dimensional structure where each layer handles specific wavelength channels separately. This spatial separation in the vertical dimension prevents crosstalk between channels that plagues conventional single-layer designs, while maintaining the low power consumption benefits of LC-based modulation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces diffraction gratings as intermediary elements that spatially separate wavelength components before they reach the LCOS modulators. This intermediary optical element ensures that each modulator layer receives only its designated wavelength range, eliminating crosstalk while maintaining energy efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The WSS apparatus enables flexible and efficient reconfiguration of optical paths with reduced leakage losses and improved stability, allowing for arbitrary connections between nodes in optical communications networks without the limitations of conventional technologies.
Implementation Method 1
a wavelength dispersion element configured to disperse the wavelength components of each light beam
Implementation Method 2
a focusing element configured to focus the dispersed wavelength components of the light beams
Implementation Method 3
a multi-layer reflecting unit configured to reflect the focused light beams to the focusing element
Data Source
AI summary
A wavelength selective switch (WSS) apparatus is disclosed, which includes: a plurality of optical ports configured to output light beams at different angles from one another; a wavelength dispersion element configured to disperse the wavelength components of each light beam; a focusing element configured to focus the dispersed wavelength components of the light beams; and a multi-layer reflecting unit configured to reflect the focused light beams to the focusing element, the multi-layer reflecting unit including a multi-layer reflector and a reflection controller operatively connected to the multi-layer reflector, the multi-layer reflector having a main surface for reflecting the light beams on which a plurality of layers are provided, each layer including a plurality of pixels that are individually controllable by the reflection controller.