Multi-peptide Composition for Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) rely on insulin injections, which do not address the underlying autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to long-term complications and a reduced lifespan, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat the disease.
Innovation Solution
A peptide combination comprising specific amino acid sequences from IA-2 and pro-insulin peptides, administered with excipients like cysteine, is used to target and suppress autoimmune responses, offering a novel antigen-specific immunotherapy approach.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If insulin injections are used to treat Type 1 Diabetes, then blood glucose levels can be maintained within reasonable limits, but the underlying autoimmune destruction of beta cells continues, leading to long-term complications and reduced lifespan
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary anti-action by administering peptides (such as proinsulin peptides and IA-2 peptides) to patients before complete beta cell destruction occurs, or during the asymptomatic preclinical period. These peptides act as antigens that stimulate the immune system to develop tolerance or suppress the autoimmune response against beta cells, thereby preventing further destruction before it becomes irreversible. This approach addresses the harmful autoimmune effect while maintaining reliable glucose control through combined insulin therapy.
2Device complexity
If a single peptide or limited peptide combination is used for immunotherapy, then the treatment complexity is reduced, but the ability to effectively limit multiple autoimmune responses (both anti-PI and anti-IA-2) is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple peptides from different autoantigens (proinsulin peptides and IA-2 peptides) into a single combined peptide formulation. This combination approach allows the treatment to target multiple autoimmune responses simultaneously - both anti-proinsulin and anti-IA-2 autoimmunity - thereby achieving more comprehensive immune suppression. The merged peptide combination is administered together as one therapeutic agent, maintaining practical simplicity while enhancing effectiveness through multi-target action.
Solution Approach 2:
The peptide combination formulation serves multiple functions: it acts as both an antigen source to stimulate regulatory T cell responses and as a means to induce immune tolerance. The combination of different peptides (proinsulin and IA-2) provides universal coverage against multiple autoimmune targets, making the single therapeutic formulation capable of addressing diverse autoimmune mechanisms involved in Type 1 Diabetes pathogenesis.
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a specific peptide combination. The peptide combination may be present in a pharmaceutically acceptable composition. The peptide combination can be used in the therapy or prevention of Type 1 Diabetes (TID). The invention also relates to a method of diagnosing or determining treatment efficacy, the method utilising the specific peptide combination.