Multi-Pole DC Switch with Mirror-Symmetric Arc Quenching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Multi-pole switches for direct current operation face challenges with arc extinction due to stable arcing, which reduces service life and requires additional space, especially in conventional switch cabinets, as existing solutions do not effectively manage arc quenching independently of polarity.

Innovation Solution

A multi-pole switch design with a single switching chamber and mirror-symmetric partial interrupter chambers, featuring a movable switching bridge with bridge contact pieces aligned perpendicularly to the movement axis, and a permanent magnet arrangement to create a homogeneous magnetic field that directs arcs to quenching devices, ensuring polarity-independent arc extinction.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If additional switching chambers are provided for each pole to achieve polarity-independent arc quenching, then arc extinction performance is improved, but installation space requirement (depth) increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearc extinction performanceVSAvoidinstallation depth
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from a conventional arrangement where switching chambers are stacked in the depth direction to an arrangement where multiple partial switching chambers are positioned side-by-side in the horizontal plane. The switching bridge extends horizontally with bridge contact pieces arranged laterally, allowing current paths for multiple poles to be separated in the horizontal dimension rather than the depth dimension. This dimensional reconfiguration maintains compact installation depth while enabling independent arc quenching for each pole through the mirror-symmetric chamber arrangement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Length of stationary object

If a single switching chamber is used for multi-pole operation, then installation space is reduced, but arc quenching effectiveness for each pole decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstallation depthVSAvoidarc quenching effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
Length of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The single switching chamber is segmented into multiple partial switching chambers, with each partial chamber dedicated to a specific pole. These partial chambers are separated by partition walls that extend from the front to the rear of the switching chamber, creating electrically isolated compartments. This segmentation allows each pole to have its own dedicated arc quenching environment while maintaining a compact single-chamber overall structure, thus preserving both space efficiency and arc quenching effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Each partial switching chamber is equipped with dedicated arc quenching devices and permanent magnets specifically positioned to address the arc extinction requirements of its associated pole. The mirror-symmetric arrangement ensures that each pole receives equivalent local quenching resources and magnetic field strength, optimizing arc extinction performance for each individual pole within the shared chamber space.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Speed

If permanent magnets are added to create magnetic field for arc direction, then arc extinction speed is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearc extinction speedVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The permanent magnets serve multiple functions simultaneously: they generate the magnetic field necessary for arc direction and extinction, provide structural support as mounting elements for the switching bridge, and contribute to the mechanical rigidity of the overall assembly. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate arc quenching mechanisms and simplifies the overall device structure while maintaining effective arc extinction performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design achieves efficient arc extinction with reduced installation depth, comparable to single-pole switches, and maintains a compact size, effectively managing heat and extending switch life while ensuring polarity-independent operation.

Implementation Method 1

A permanent magnet arrangement is provided in order to form a largely homogeneous magnetic field in the areas between the first and second contact areas and the respective quenching devices

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 2

a magnetic field polarized to exert a driving force on the arc towards the arc quenching chambers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLorentz force: Lorentz Force

Data Source

PatentEP2774158B1Switch for multi-pole direct current operation
Publication Date: 2017.04.19 EATON ELECTRICAL IP
  • EP2774158B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2774158B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2774158B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Switch for multi-pole operation, more particularly direct-current operation, having a switching chamber, wherein a switching compartment (1, 2) is provided for each pole. The switching chamber has a moving switching bridge (35) running through both switching compartments (1, 2), wherein the switching bridge (35) has a bridge contact (30) for each switching compartment (1, 2).