Multi-storey building with secure access routes and escape routes in the event of fire
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Solution Overview
Problem
Multi-story buildings above a certain height pose challenges in fire safety as existing solutions are complex, costly, and often introduced late in the planning phase, requiring subsequent structural changes to meet legal requirements, and do not effectively prevent fire spread or ensure safe evacuation and firefighting access.
Innovation Solution
The design incorporates horizontal and vertical fire barriers that also serve as water barriers, combined with smoke protection pressure systems (RDA) to create fireproof and watertight segments, allowing normal elevators to function safely during fires, eliminating the need for separate fire service elevators and ensuring safe access and escape routes by integrating fire protection measures into the building's core zones and mezzanines.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If separate fire service elevators and complex smoke protection systems are installed, then fire safety and evacuation reliability are improved, but device complexity and construction costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes normal elevators multi-functional by equipping them with fire-resistant doors and integration into the smoke protection pressure system. These elevators serve both normal transportation functions and fire service/evacuation functions, eliminating the need for separate fire service elevators and reducing overall system complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the fire protection function with the normal elevator system by integrating fire-resistant doors and smoke protection pressure systems into existing elevator shafts and lobbies, rather than installing separate fire service elevators. This merging approach reduces device complexity while maintaining fire safety
2Adaptability or versatility
If fire protection measures are introduced late in the planning phase, then initial design flexibility is maintained, but construction time and costs increase due to subsequent structural changes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates fire protection measures (fire-resistant doors, smoke protection pressure systems) into the initial building design and construction phase. By performing preliminary action, the design maintains flexibility while avoiding costly and time-consuming structural modifications later, as fire protection elements are integrated from the outset
3Reliability
If horizontal fire barriers are made water-resistant, then protection against extinguishing agent flooding is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs horizontal fire barriers with multi-functionality, making them resistant to both fire and water/flooding from extinguishing agents. This universal approach provides dual protection without significantly increasing manufacturing complexity, as the barriers serve multiple protective functions simultaneously
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design ensures compliance with legal requirements from the planning phase, reduces costs and delays, and provides effective fire containment and safe evacuation routes without the need for additional fire service elevators, enhancing firefighting access and safety by integrating fire protection into the building's core zones and mezzanines.
Implementation Method 1
a smoke protection pressure system (RDA) generates overpressure in the core zone 1 so that no gases or smoke can penetrate into core zone 1 when the fire doors 312 a, 312 b are opened
Implementation Method 2
the chimney effect as well as the wind pressure on the windward side and the suction effect on the leeward side of the building are used
Implementation Method 3
horizontal fire barriers 31 such as fire protection walls 311 and fire protection doors 312 a, 312 b, which prevent the spread of the fire in the event of a fire
Data Source
Figure 1a
Figure 1b
Figure 2a
AI summary
The invention relates to a multi-storey building with secure access routes and escape routes in the event of fire, with a core zone 1, in which a stairwell 11 and/or a lift shaft 12 for an elevator F are housed, horizontal fire- and water-resistant fire barriers 31, which close off the core zone 1 against fire and water in the horizontal direction with respect to surrounding usage areas 2, and vertical fire- and water-resistant fire barriers 32, which separate the core zone 1 in the vertical direction into core segments 1' and close off the usage areas 2 in the vertical direction against fire and water, thereby forming fire protection segments 2', wherein the vertical fire barriers 32 form intermediate storeys 32a and each core segment 1' is protected with a smoke protection pressurisation system 4 and is connected to at least the intermediate storey 32a above or below in such a way that, in the event of a fire, the smoke protection pressurisation system 4 keeps not only this core segment 1' but also the intermediate storey 32 connected above or below free from smoke.