Multi-Wavelength Absorbance Regression for Blood Component Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current microfluidic devices face challenges in accurately measuring the concentration of components like hemoglobin, bilirubin, and lipid in blood samples, which act as inhibitors, affecting the reliability of other blood component measurements due to interference and concentration errors.
Innovation Solution
An optical method involving the preparation of standard samples with varying concentrations, measurement of absorbances at multiple wavelength bands, and the use of regression equations to calculate component concentrations, along with dilution of samples to apply these equations for accurate biochemical analysis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional single-wavelength absorbance measurement is used, then the measurement process is simple, but the measurement precision is poor due to interference from inhibitors like hemoglobin, bilirubin, and lipid
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from single-wavelength absorbance measurement to multi-wavelength absorbance measurement. By measuring absorbance at multiple wavelength bands (e.g., 405nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 630nm) simultaneously, the method adds a dimensional aspect to the measurement, enabling differentiation of various components (hemoglobin, bilirubin, lipid, and target analyte) and eliminating interference effects through mathematical analysis of the spectral data
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from single-wavelength absorbance to multi-wavelength absorbance spectrum. By collecting absorbance data across multiple wavelength bands and applying regression analysis with predetermined coefficients, the method transforms the measurement approach to achieve higher precision in concentration determination while compensating for inhibitor interference
2Reliability
If inhibitors are present in the sample, then the sample represents real clinical conditions, but the reliability of test results deteriorates due to interference with measurement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful effect of inhibitors into a beneficial measurement approach. Instead of attempting to remove or avoid inhibitors, the method measures absorbance at multiple wavelengths where different components (including inhibitors) have characteristic absorption patterns. By using regression analysis with predetermined coefficients derived from standard samples containing known concentrations of all components, the method calculates the target analyte concentration while automatically compensating for inhibitor interference, thus converting the presence of inhibitors from a problem into a solvable measurement challenge
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces mathematical regression analysis as an intermediary between the complex multi-component sample and the final concentration measurement. The regression equation acts as a mediator that processes the multi-wavelength absorbance data, separating the contributions of different components (hemoglobin, bilirubin, lipid, and target analyte) and isolating the target analyte concentration despite the presence of inhibitors
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method provides accurate measurements of hemoglobin, bilirubin, and lipid concentrations, enhancing the reliability of other blood component measurements by accounting for inhibitor effects and reducing errors, with verified regression equations showing high accuracy and low standard deviations.
Implementation Method 1
measuring absorbances of the predetermined component in the standard samples at each of the concentrations for plural light beams having different wavelength bands by emitting the plural light beams having different wavelength bands to the plural standard samples and sensing intensity of the light beams that have passed through the standard samples
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a method of measuring a concentration of a component in a biochemical sample such as serum, and a method of estimating the reliability of a test result using the method. The method of measuring a concentration of a component includes: preparing plural standard samples having at least one common component which has varying concentrations; measuring absorbances of the component in the standard samples at each of the concentrations for plural light beams having different wavelength bands; determining a regression equation of a relationship between the concentration of the component and the measured absorbances at plural wavelength bands; and applying the regression equation by measuring absorbances at the plural wavelength bands of the biochemical sample and applying the measured plural absorbances of the biochemical sample to the regression equation to calculate the concentration of the component.