Multi-Wavelength Glycated Hemoglobin Detection via 3D Chromatography
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing HPLC methods face challenges in accurately measuring glycated hemoglobin concentration due to variations in the ratios of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, which are influenced by environmental temperature and oxygen concentration, making precise measurements difficult.
Innovation Solution
A method and apparatus that measure glycated hemoglobin concentration by using light of multiple wavelengths between 400 to 450 nm, specifically calculating the concentration based on a three-dimensional chromatogram with variables of measurement wavelength, elution time, and detection amount, and averaging proportions across different wavelengths to account for oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin ratios.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If single wavelength photometry at 415 nm is used to measure glycated hemoglobin, then the measurement process is simple, but measurement precision deteriorates when oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin ratios vary due to temperature changes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from single-wavelength photometry to multi-wavelength photometry by adding the wavelength dimension. Specifically, it measures absorbance at multiple wavelengths (including 415 nm for oxyhemoglobin and 430 nm for deoxyhemoglobin) and uses these multi-dimensional data points to calculate glycated hemoglobin concentration, thereby resolving the contradiction between operational simplicity and measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from a single wavelength (415 nm) to multiple wavelengths across the spectrum. By measuring absorbance at different wavelengths and utilizing the distinct absorption characteristics of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin at each wavelength, the system can accurately determine glycated hemoglobin concentration regardless of the oxy/deoxy ratio variations caused by temperature changes.
2Adaptability or versatility
If environmental temperature varies, then the dissolved oxygen concentration in eluent changes, but this causes the ratio of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin to vary, making precise measurement difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent compensates for temperature-induced variations by changing from single-wavelength to multi-wavelength measurement. By measuring absorbance at multiple wavelengths and using the differential absorption characteristics of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, the system can calculate the actual glycated hemoglobin concentration even when the oxy/deoxy ratio changes due to environmental temperature variations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the measured absorbance values at multiple wavelengths are used to calculate the oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin ratios, which then feed into the glycated hemoglobin concentration calculation. This feedback loop allows the system to automatically adjust for temperature-induced variations in the oxy/deoxy ratio, maintaining measurement precision across different environmental conditions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for stable and precise measurement of glycated hemoglobin concentration regardless of variations in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin ratios, even under changing environmental conditions, by considering the influence of both forms of hemoglobin in the calculation.
Implementation Method 1
the photometry mechanism 94 radiates light from a light source 97 while the eluent including the biological component flows through a path 96 of a photometry cell 95 and receives a transmitted beam at that time in a light receiving section 98
Data Source
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AI summary
When the concentration of glycated hemoglobin is measured, a plurality of wavelengths are selected as measurement wavelengths from the wavelength range of 400 to 450 nm. Preferably, by use of a liquid chromatography, at least the light of different peak wavelengths in the wavelength range of 415 to 430 nm are continuously or intermittently received to obtain a tree dimensional chromatogram having as variables the wavelength, the elution time and the amount of detection. The concentration of glycated hemoglobin is calculated based on this three dimensional chromatogram.