Multi-Wavelength PPG Blood Type Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current health monitoring methods are invasive, time-consuming, and not continuous, particularly for detecting blood substances and blood types, which is crucial for safe blood transfusions, and existing non-invasive methods like pulse oximetry are limited to measuring oxygen saturation using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology.
Innovation Solution
A device that uses PPG signals at multiple wavelengths to determine R values, which are compared to normal ranges to identify blood types and detect abnormal conditions, allowing for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of vitals and blood substance concentrations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If invasive blood sampling methods are used to determine blood type and detect blood substances, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates and loss of time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces invasive mechanical blood sampling with optical PPG technology. Multiple wavelengths of light are transmitted through tissue and detected to obtain PPG signals, which are then processed to determine blood type and detect blood substances non-invasively. This substitutes the mechanical needle-based sampling system with an optical measurement system that penetrates tissue without physical intrusion.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes changes in optical parameters (light absorption and transmission at different wavelengths) to detect blood characteristics. By analyzing how different blood types and substances affect light transmission at multiple wavelengths, the system extracts physiological information without invasive contact. The processing circuit transforms optical signal parameters into diagnostic blood type and substance concentration data.
2Measurement precision
If invasive blood sampling methods are used to determine blood type, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases due to laboratory processing requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical laboratory-based blood typing process with an optical PPG system that performs measurements at the point of care. The processing circuit analyzes PPG signals obtained from multiple wavelengths and directly determines blood type without requiring sample transport, laboratory equipment, or technician intervention, thereby eliminating time losses associated with traditional laboratory processing.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary blood type determination and substance detection at the point of care before any laboratory processing would be needed. By obtaining and analyzing PPG signals immediately, the system provides rapid preliminary results that can guide urgent clinical decisions while laboratory confirmation can proceed in parallel, effectively eliminating the sequential time delay inherent in traditional workflows.
3Ease of operation
If traditional pulse oximetry using PPG technology is used, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates because it is limited to oxygen saturation only
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extends the functionality of PPG technology from single-parameter oxygen saturation measurement to multi-parameter physiological monitoring. By implementing a processing circuit that analyzes PPG signals at multiple wavelengths and extracts multiple physiological parameters including blood type, substance concentrations, and other blood characteristics, the system transforms a specialized oxygen monitoring tool into a universal physiological monitoring platform capable of diverse measurements through a single non-invasive device.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from single-wavelength PPG measurement to multi-wavelength PPG measurement, adding the dimension of spectral analysis. By transmitting and detecting light at multiple wavelengths and analyzing the differential absorption characteristics across the spectrum, the system extracts additional physiological information beyond oxygen saturation, including blood type determination and substance concentration measurements, thereby expanding the measurement capability dimensionally.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables continuous, non-invasive monitoring of vitals and blood substance concentrations, facilitating quick and accurate blood typing without the need for invasive procedures, improving emergency response and reducing the time and labor required for blood typing.
Implementation Method 1
A PPG circuit obtains a plurality of spectral responses at a plurality of wavelengths that are detected from skin of a user
Implementation Method 2
at least a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal obtained from a first wavelength of light that is reflected from or transmitted through skin tissue of a user
Data Source
AI summary
A biosensor obtains at least a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal at a first wavelength from a user and a second PPG signal obtained at a second wavelength from the user. The biosensor determines a first R value of the user using the first PPG signal and the second PPG signal and compares the first R value of the user to a normal range of R values for a blood type of the user. The biosensor determines a color of blood of the user using the first, second or another PPG signal and determines an abnormal condition that affects red blood cells of the user in response to the color of the blood and/or in response to the comparison or the first R value of the user to a normal range of R values for a blood type of the user.