Multi-Wavelength Smoke Detector for Fire-Non-Fire Discrimination
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Solution Overview
Problem
Photoelectric fire detectors frequently generate false alarms due to non-fire particles like cooking smoke, cigarette smoke, and fine dust, leading to unnecessary dispatches and potential safety hazards when actual fires are missed.
Innovation Solution
A smoke detection apparatus and method utilizing multiple wavelengths to distinguish between fire smoke and non-fire particles by analyzing light scattering characteristics, employing a light emitter with multiple wavelength sources and a controller to differentiate between fire and non-fire smoke based on light receiving signals.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If a photoelectric type fire detector is used to detect smoke, then the detection speed is improved, but the reliability deteriorates due to false alarms from non-fire particles
Solution Approach 1:
The detection process is segmented by wavelength: the system divides the spectrum into multiple wavelength bands (e.g., first wavelength for fire smoke detection, second wavelength for non-fire particle detection) and processes each band separately through dedicated light receivers, enabling differentiated analysis of smoke characteristics at different wavelengths
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the detection parameter from single-wavelength light scattering to multi-wavelength light scattering characteristics. By measuring and comparing scattering intensities across multiple wavelengths, the system identifies the unique spectral signature of fire smoke versus non-fire particles, thereby improving reliability while maintaining detection speed
2Device complexity
If a single wavelength light source is used, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision deteriorates in distinguishing fire smoke from non-fire particles
Solution Approach 1:
The system transitions from one-dimensional detection (single wavelength intensity) to multi-dimensional detection by adding the wavelength dimension. Multiple light receivers detect scattering characteristics at different wavelengths simultaneously, creating a spectral profile that enables precise differentiation between fire and non-fire particles without significantly increasing structural complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Reduces false alarms, preventing unnecessary firefighter dispatches and enhancing the reliability of fire alarms by accurately distinguishing between fire and non-fire smoke particles.
Implementation Method 1
a light emitter having a plurality of light sources that radiate light having a plurality of different wavelengths into a space in the chamber
Implementation Method 2
a photoelectric type that detects light scattering caused by smoke particles
Data Source
AI summary
A smoke detection apparatus based on multiple wavelengths is provided, which includes: a chamber configured to receive an inflow of a smoke; a detector including a light emitter having a plurality of light sources that radiate light having a plurality of different wavelengths into a space in the chamber, and a light receiver configured to receive scattered light by the plurality of light sources; and a controller configured to control an operation of the detector and to distinguish between fire smoke and non-fire quasi-smoke by detecting and analyzing a light receiving signal of the light receiver.