Multi-Wire USB Charging Interface for High Current
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional MICRO USB interfaces in charging adapters support charging currents only up to 3A due to their single power and ground wires, resulting in slow charging speeds that do not meet the increasing demand for faster charging in modern mobile terminals.
Innovation Solution
The proposed charging system employs a USB interface with at least two power lines and two ground lines, along with an adjusting circuit and controller, to form multiple charging circuits, allowing for higher current charging by dynamically adjusting voltage and current based on the terminal device's voltage and current needs, and utilizing phosphor bronze or chromium bronze wires for enhanced conductivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If MICRO USB interface with single power wire and ground wire is used, then device complexity is reduced, but charging current is limited to 3A resulting in slow charging speed
Solution Approach 1:
The charging system is segmented into multiple independent charging circuits, each with its own power wire and ground wire. The USB interface is divided into multiple power lines (at least two) and multiple ground lines (at least two), allowing each line pair to function as an independent charging circuit. This segmentation enables parallel charging paths, increasing total charging current capacity beyond the 3A limitation of single-wire interfaces.
2Power
If multiple power lines and ground lines are used to increase charging current, then charging speed improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple charging circuits are merged into a single integrated USB interface structure. The power management controller coordinates multiple power lines and ground lines to work together as a unified charging system. The adjusting circuit combines voltage adjustment, current regulation, and protection functions across all power lines, creating a consolidated control architecture that manages high current without proportionally increasing overall system complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The USB interface is designed with multi-functionality, serving both as a data communication interface and as a high-power charging interface. The same USB connector and control logic handle both low-current data mode and high-current charging mode, eliminating the need for separate specialized high-current connectors and reducing overall device complexity despite supporting multiple power lines.
3Loss of time
If high current charging is implemented, then charging time is reduced, but risk of reverse connection and safety issues increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary detection and verification before enabling high-current charging. The power management controller detects the presence and correct configuration of multiple power lines and ground lines before activating the charging circuits. Protection circuits are pre-configured to detect reverse connections and immediately disconnect power flow, preventing damage before it occurs. This preliminary anti-action ensures safety is established before high current flows.
Solution Approach 2:
The power management controller continuously monitors the charging circuits for reverse connections, current anomalies, and connection integrity. Real-time feedback from current sensors and voltage detectors allows the controller to detect reverse polarity or faulty connections and immediately adjust or disconnect power flow. This closed-loop feedback mechanism maintains reliability during high-current operation by continuously verifying safe operating conditions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables charging currents greater than 3A, significantly reducing charging time and improving efficiency by supporting multiple charging circuits and adaptive voltage adjustment, while ensuring reliable connections and anti-reverse protection.
Implementation Method 1
an adjusting circuit, configured to perform rectifying and filtering on mains supply to obtain a first power signal
Implementation Method 2
an adjusting circuit, configured to perform rectifying and filtering on mains supply to obtain a first power signal
Implementation Method 3
to perform voltage adjustment on the first power signal to obtain a second power signal
Implementation Method 4
each of the power wires and the ground wires is made of phosphor bronze or chromium bronze
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3
AI summary
The present invention provides a charging device, a terminal device and a charging system. The charging device includes: a USB interface (2), having at least two power lines and at least two ground lines; and an adjusting circuit (3), configured to perform rectifying and filtering on mains supply to obtain a first power signal, to perform voltage adjustment on the first power signal to obtain a second power signal, and to output the second power signal to the at least two power lines, at least two charging circuits being formed between the charging device and an external terminal device via the at least two power lines and the at least two ground lines.