Multi-zone MPC for Type 1 Diabetes Glucose Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus face challenges in managing blood glucose levels due to the complexity of intensive insulin therapy, which can lead to both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, increasing the risk of complications and caregiver burden.
Innovation Solution
A multi-zone model predictive control (MPC) system with embedded artificial insulin and meal memory is developed, using a novel parametric fitting technique to regulate blood glucose levels by defining four physiological zones (hypoglycemia, normoglycemia, elevated glycemia, and hyperglycemia) and adjusting control actions accordingly to minimize user intervention and fit glucose targets to individual lifestyles.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If intensive insulin therapy is applied to reduce hyperglycemia, then blood glucose control is improved, but the risk of hypoglycemic events increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the blood glucose control into multiple zones (hyperglycemia zone, normoglycemia zone, hypoglycemia zone) with different control strategies. Each zone has specific control tunings that adjust insulin delivery appropriately, preventing both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia while maintaining reliable glucose control throughout the range.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes control parameters (insulin delivery rate, control tunings) based on the current blood glucose zone. The MPC algorithm dynamically adjusts control actions according to whether the patient is in hyperglycemic, normoglycemic, or hypoglycemic zone, optimizing both safety and effectiveness.
2Reliability
If multiple manual capillary glucose measurements and insulin injections are administered per day, then glucose regulation is improved, but the burden on caregiver and patient increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements an automated closed-loop system where the artificial pancreas continuously monitors blood glucose and automatically adjusts insulin delivery without requiring manual intervention. The system performs self-regulation through continuous glucose sensing and automated pump control, eliminating the need for multiple manual measurements and injections.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses continuous feedback from glucose sensors to automatically adjust insulin delivery. The closed-loop system continuously monitors blood glucose levels and automatically modifies insulin pump delivery in real-time, replacing manual monitoring and adjustment with automated feedback control.
3Device complexity
If standard set-point control is used, then control simplicity is maintained, but pump activity is excessive and hypoglycemia risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the control strategy into multiple zones with different control tunings. The segmented approach allows conservative control in hypoglycemic zones and more aggressive control in hyperglycemic zones, optimizing both safety and effectiveness while reducing unnecessary pump activity compared to standard set-point control.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamic control tunings that adapt to the current blood glucose zone. The MPC algorithm dynamically adjusts control parameters based on whether the patient is in hyperglycemic, normoglycemic, or hypoglycemic zone, optimizing control actions for each situation while maintaining overall system simplicity.
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure relates to drug delivery and maintaining multiple defined physiological zones using model predictive control.