Multi-axial collimation optics for LiDAR beam control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems face challenges in achieving high collimation and low divergence in light beams, which are essential for enhanced performance, particularly in compact and cost-effective emitter and detector configurations.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a multi-lens collimation system with specially configured refractive lenses that diverge along one axis and converge along an orthogonal axis, allowing for better collimation power in a smaller space, utilizing a multi-mode light source and multiple optics assemblies to control beam characteristics along orthogonal axes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If traditional single-axis collimation optics are used, then the system structure is simple, but the collimation performance is insufficient and beam divergence is high
Solution Approach 1:
The collimation optics are divided into two separate lens assemblies: a first lens assembly with a concave cylindrical surface for collimating along the fast axis, and a second lens assembly with a convex cylindrical surface for collimating along the slow axis. This segmentation allows each assembly to specialize in one axis, achieving high collimation performance for elongated beams while keeping each individual assembly relatively simple in structure.
Solution Approach 2:
Each lens assembly is designed with specific local optical properties tailored to its designated axis. The first lens assembly has a concave cylindrical surface optimized for fast axis collimation, while the second lens assembly has a convex cylindrical surface optimized for slow axis collimation. This local optimization ensures that each component performs its specific function with high precision.
2Manufacturing precision
If multi-axis collimation optics are implemented, then beam divergence is reduced and collimation is improved, but the system size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from single-axis to multi-axis collimation by introducing a second lens assembly oriented perpendicular to the first. This dimensional extension allows simultaneous control of beam divergence in both fast and slow axes, effectively managing three-dimensional beam propagation without requiring a proportional increase in overall system volume.
Solution Approach 2:
The second lens assembly is positioned distal to and orthogonal to the first lens assembly, with the optics arranged in a nested-like configuration where the second assembly builds upon the work of the first. This nested arrangement allows compact integration of multi-axis collimation functionality within a minimized volume envelope.
3Manufacturing precision
If conventional collimation lenses are used, then the system is cost-effective, but the collimation power is insufficient for elongated beams
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs cylindrical surfaces with specific curvature radii and orientations rather than conventional spherical surfaces. The first lens assembly uses a concave cylindrical surface with curvature optimized for fast axis divergence, while the second uses a convex cylindrical surface for slow axis control. These parameter changes enable effective collimation of elongated beams while maintaining manufacturability through well-established cylindrical grinding and polishing techniques.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables improved collimation and reduced divergence in LiDAR systems, enhancing their performance and applicability in various fields such as topography, automotive guidance, and atmospheric physics, while maintaining a small form factor and low cost.
Implementation Method 1
A refractive lens assembly collimates the light beam using a concave first cylindrical surface extending in facing relation toward the light source along the fast axis and a convex, second cylindrical surface facing away from the light source and extending along the slow axis orthogonal to the first cylindrical surface
Data Source
AI summary
Apparatus for collimating light in a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system. A light source outputs a light beam for transmission to a target, such as a multi-mode source which generates an elongated beam with a higher diverging fast axis and a lower diverging slow axis. A refractive lens assembly collimates the light beam using a concave first cylindrical surface extending in facing relation toward the light source along the fast axis and a convex, second cylindrical surface facing away from the light source and extending along the slow axis orthogonal to the first cylindrical surface. A second refractive lens assembly distal from and orthogonal to the second cylindrical surface has a convex third cylindrical surface to further collimate the light beam along the fast axis. The elongated beam may diverge at a greater angle along the fast axis as compared to the slow axis.