Multiband Antenna Slotted Ground Plane Beam Width
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing multiband antennas face challenges in achieving optimal beam width and frequency coverage across different bands due to the influence of the ground plane's electrical width on radiating elements, leading to undesirable narrow radiation beams.
Innovation Solution
A multiband antenna design featuring a ground plane with acutely angled peripheries and non-radiative slots that reduce the effective electrical width for high-frequency radiating elements while maintaining minimal impact on low-frequency elements, utilizing dual-polarized dipole and patch radiating elements across different frequency bands.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Shape
If a ground plane with standard periphery is used, then structural simplicity is maintained, but beam width becomes too narrow for high-frequency bands
Solution Approach 1:
The ground plane periphery is segmented by introducing non-radiative slots that divide the continuous edge into discrete sections. This segmentation modifies the electrical perimeter length, effectively controlling the beam width for high-frequency radiating elements without requiring complete structural redesign of the ground plane.
Solution Approach 2:
Non-radiative slots are strategically placed only at specific peripheral regions where they most effectively influence the beam width of high-frequency elements. The slots create localized electrical discontinuities that selectively affect high-frequency radiation patterns while leaving low-frequency operation largely unaffected, achieving differential control over frequency bands.
2Shape
If non-radiative slots are added to control beam width, then high-frequency radiation characteristics improve, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of adding complex three-dimensional structures or adjustable mechanisms, the solution extracts material from the ground plane by creating slots. This removal of conductive material simplifies the overall manufacturing process compared to adding components, as slots can be easily formed through standard PCB routing, laser cutting, or mechanical milling techniques.
3Shape
If the ground plane electrical width is reduced for high-frequency elements, then beam width increases, but low-frequency element performance may be affected
Solution Approach 1:
The ground plane structure exhibits dynamic electrical characteristics that adapt to different operating frequencies. At high frequencies, the slots present significant electrical length, effectively reducing the ground plane's electrical width and increasing beam width. At low frequencies, the same slots present minimal electrical length, allowing the ground plane to maintain its full effective width for optimal low-frequency performance. This frequency-dependent behavior resolves the contradiction between optimizing for different bands.
Solution Approach 2:
The solution transitions from controlling beam width through two-dimensional ground plane size adjustments to using the third dimension of frequency-dependent electrical length. The slots' electrical impact varies with frequency, creating a vertical dimension of control that allows simultaneous optimization for both low and high frequency bands without compromising either.
Data Source
AI summary
A multiband antenna including a ground plane having at least one periphery, at least one non-radiative slot being formed along the at least one periphery, a first plurality of radiating elements mounted on the ground plane adjacent to the at least one periphery and radiating in a first frequency band and a second plurality of radiating elements mounted on the ground plane adjacent to the at least one periphery and radiating in a second frequency band, the second frequency band being higher than the first frequency band.