Multiband Patch Antenna Layout for Wideband Dual Polarization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current antenna designs for 5G millimeter-wave applications often fail to meet requirements for wide impedance bandwidth, low cross-polarization, and compact size while maintaining dual polarization, leading to issues like narrow bandwidth and beam squint in radiation patterns.
Innovation Solution
A multiband patch antenna design featuring a ground layer and an excitation layer with multiple excitation patches and feeding patches, where the feeding patch excites both patches simultaneously, improving impedance matching and radiation characteristics, and incorporating a parasitic patch to enhance bandwidth and reduce beam squint.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a conventional single patch antenna design is used, then the structure is simple and compact, but the impedance bandwidth is narrow and beam squint occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna patch is divided into multiple segments (first patch and second patch) with different lengths, where each segment resonates at different frequencies. This segmentation allows the antenna to achieve wideband impedance matching across multiple frequency bands while maintaining a compact overall structure, resolving the contradiction between structural simplicity and bandwidth adaptability.
Solution Approach 2:
The shorter second patch is positioned within or adjacent to the longer first patch, creating a nested configuration. This nesting allows both patches to coexist in a compact space while each contributing to different frequency ranges, thereby achieving wide impedance bandwidth without significantly increasing device complexity.
2Adaptability or versatility
If dual polarization is implemented in conventional designs, then polarization versatility is improved, but cross-polarization isolation deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna employs asymmetric feed positioning and asymmetric patch dimensions (different lengths for first and second patches) to create distinct current distribution patterns for different polarizations. This asymmetry enables effective separation of polarization modes, improving cross-polarization isolation while maintaining dual polarization capability.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the antenna structure are optimized for different polarization functions. The first patch and its associated feed are optimized for one polarization, while the second patch and its feed are optimized for the orthogonal polarization. This local optimization allows each region to minimize cross-polarization effects while contributing to overall dual polarization versatility.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple excitation patches are used to widen bandwidth, then impedance matching is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple feed structures are merged into a single integrated feed network that simultaneously excites both the first and second patches. This combined feeding approach achieves wideband impedance matching through the complementary resonance of multiple patches while avoiding the complexity of separate independent feeding networks, thereby improving bandwidth without proportionally increasing device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed antenna achieves wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, and compact size with reduced beam squint, effectively addressing the limitations of existing designs by utilizing a dual-excitation technique and a balanced feeding network.
Implementation Method 1
a feeding patch (1924), arranged between the first excitation patch (1920) and the second excitation patch (1922), such that the feeding patch (1924) is configured to excite the first excitation patch (1920) and the second excitation patch (1922) simultaneously
Implementation Method 2
incorporating a parasitic patch to enhance bandwidth and reduce beam squint
Data Source
AI summary
Examples relate to concepts for patch antennas and particular to a method for forming a multiband patch antenna. A multiband patch antenna may comprise a ground layer and an excitation layer, comprising a first excitation patch, a second excitation patch and a feeding patch, wherein the patch is arranged to excite the first excitation patch and the second excitation simultaneously.