Multicast Distribution Trees for Load Balancing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for distributing multicast traffic in layer-2 networks, such as the Spanning Tree Protocol, often lead to inefficient data link utilization as they constrain multicast traffic to a single path, resulting in underutilization of redundant data links.

Innovation Solution

The method involves calculating and using multiple multicast distribution trees with different roots to distribute multicast traffic across a network of switches, allowing traffic to be forwarded along any of the trees, thereby utilizing multiple paths and links for improved load balancing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If Spanning Tree Protocol is used to distribute multicast traffic, then looping is prevented, but data link utilization becomes inefficient due to single path constraint

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelooping preventionVSAvoiddata link utilization
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the single multicast distribution path into multiple independent distribution trees, each rooted at different switches. This allows multicast traffic to be distributed along multiple paths simultaneously, enabling redundant data links to be utilized while maintaining loop-free operation through I-RPF verification at each switch.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from a single-dimensional path selection (one path per source-destination pair) to a multi-dimensional approach by introducing multiple distribution trees with different roots. This dimensional expansion allows traffic to traverse different topological dimensions, utilizing previously idle redundant links.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Adaptability or versatility

If multiple data links are allocated to each switch for multicast distribution, then more paths become available, but data link utilization remains inefficient due to per-switch path allocation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepath diversityVSAvoiddata link utilization
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates multiple distribution trees that serve universal purposes across the entire switch fabric. Each distribution tree can carry multicast traffic from any source to any destination, and any switch can serve as a root. This multi-functionality allows redundant links to be shared across multiple trees, improving overall utilization while maintaining path diversity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP3276896B1Systems and methods for load balancing multicast traffic
Publication Date: 2019.05.15 JUNIPER NETWORKS INC
  • EP3276896B1 patent drawingFigure 1
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AI summary

A computer-implemented method for load balancing multicast traffic may include (1) identifying a plurality of switches that include at least a first switch that is connected to a second switch by a first path and a second path, (2) calculating a plurality of multicast distribution trees for distributing multicast traffic among the plurality of switches that includes (i) a first tree that includes the first path and whose root is different than the root of a second tree and (ii) the second tree that includes the second path, (3) receiving a plurality of multicast packets ingress to the plurality of switches at the first switch, and (4) using at least two of the plurality of multicast distribution trees to transmit the plurality of multicast packets from the first switch to the second switch. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.