Multicast Optical Switch Using Free-Space Assembly
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Solution Overview
Problem
Multicast optical switches using planar lightwave circuit (PLC) switches and splitters face challenges due to high cost, manufacturing complexity, and low yield, primarily because of the large number of fiber interconnections required in discrete configurations and the difficulty in fabricating integrated monolithic PLC configurations.
Innovation Solution
A multicast optical switch design featuring a free-space optical assembly with discrete splitters and a linear array of reflective switching devices, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors, or a liquid-crystal on silicon (LCOS) panel, to achieve low-loss, high-performance multicast switching in a compact configuration, allowing for hitless switching and independent attenuation of output signals.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If discrete PLC splitters and switches are interconnected by fiber pigtails, then the multicast switch can be assembled, but the cost and manufacturing complexity increase due to the larger number of fiber interconnections required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple discrete PLC splitters and switches into a single integrated monolithic PLC structure. This consolidation eliminates the need for multiple fiber pigtail connections between separate components, thereby reducing device complexity and manufacturing cost while maintaining the multicast switching functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The monolithic PLC structure serves multiple functions simultaneously - it integrates splitting, switching, and signal routing capabilities in a single device. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate discrete components and their interconnections, directly addressing the complexity and cost issues.
2Device complexity
If various splitters and switches are integrated into a single monolithic PLC, then device complexity is reduced, but the cost increases and manufacturing yield decreases due to fabrication difficulty
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the monolithic PLC into modular functional sections (input ports, splitters, switches, output ports) that can be independently designed and optimized. This segmentation allows for simplified fabrication processes while maintaining the integrated structure, thereby improving manufacturing yield and reducing costs.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs parameter changes in the PLC waveguide design, such as varying waveguide widths and bending radii, to control signal routing and splitting characteristics. These parameter adjustments enable complex switching functionality to be achieved through standard fabrication processes, improving manufacturability.
3Volume of moving object
If a compact configuration is used, then the device size is reduced, but loss may increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes three-dimensional waveguide structures and vertical stacking in the monolithic PLC to achieve compact footprint while maintaining low loss. By transitioning from planar to volumetric signal paths, the design reduces the number of bends and connections needed, thereby minimizing optical loss in the compact configuration.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design results in a compact, low-loss multicast optical switch that is easier to manufacture and reduces the complexity of fiber connections, enabling efficient and flexible optical signal routing with hitless switching capabilities.
Implementation Method 1
a linear array of reflective switching devices, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors
Implementation Method 2
a liquid-crystal on silicon (LCOS) panel having 1×N beam steering elements, each beam steering element comprising multiple pixels whose phase can be controlled individually
Implementation Method 3
M splitters, each configured to produce N split optical signals from an input optical signal
Data Source
AI summary
A multicast optical switch includes a free-space optical assembly of discrete splitters, cylindrical optics, and a linear array of reflective switching devices, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors, to provide low-loss, high-performance multicast switching in a compact configuration. The assembly of optical splitters may include multiple planar lightwave circuit splitters or a multi-reflection beam splitter that includes a linear array of partially reflecting mirrors, each of a different reflectivity.