Multidentate Electrolytes for Fast-Charging Divalent Metal Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Rechargeable divalent metal batteries, such as those with magnesium or calcium anodes, face challenges due to sluggish kinetics and parasitic reactions, leading to low charge transfer efficiency and stability.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a multidentate compound into the electrolyte of these batteries, which promotes interfacial charge transfer kinetics and suppresses side reactions by reorganizing the solvation sheath, thereby enhancing the stability and reversibility of the anode and cathode.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional electrolytes are used in rechargeable divalent metal batteries, then the battery structure is simple, but the charge transfer kinetics are sluggish and parasitic reactions occur
Solution Approach 1:
A multidentate compound is introduced as an intermediary substance in the electrolyte. This compound mediates the interaction between divalent metal ions and the electrolyte solvent, reorganizing the solvation sheath to enable faster charge transfer kinetics while suppressing parasitic reactions at the electrode interfaces.
Solution Approach 2:
The electrolyte composition is modified by changing the chemical parameters - specifically incorporating multidentate compounds with multiple coordinating groups. This parameter change transforms the solvation structure around divalent metal ions, improving charge transfer kinetics without compromising battery stability.
2Productivity
If multidentate compound is added to electrolyte to improve charge transfer kinetics, then the kinetics increase significantly, but the electrolyte composition becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The multidentate compound performs multiple functions simultaneously: it reorganizes the solvation sheath to enhance charge transfer kinetics, suppresses parasitic reactions at both anode and cathode interfaces, and maintains electrolyte stability. This multi-functionality justifies the added compositional complexity by delivering multiple performance benefits from a single additive.
3Reliability
If conventional electrolytes are used, then the electrolyte composition is simple, but parasitic reactions occur on cathode and anode
Solution Approach 1:
The multidentate compound acts as an intermediary that protects electrode surfaces from parasitic reactions. By reorganizing the solvation sheath and forming stable coordination complexes with divalent metal ions, it prevents direct unwanted interactions between the electrolyte and electrode materials, thereby enhancing overall battery stability.
4Stability of the object's composition
If multidentate compound is incorporated into electrolyte, then stability and reversibility increase, but the electrolyte formulation becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The electrolyte formulation is optimized by adjusting parameters such as the type and concentration of multidentate compound. This parameter optimization achieves enhanced stability and reversibility of electrodes while controlling the complexity of the electrolyte formulation through systematic variation of compositional parameters.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly increases the energy density and coulombic efficiency of the batteries, reducing charge transfer overpotential and improving the stability of the anode and cathode, making them comparable to lithium-ion batteries.
Implementation Method 1
it is believed that suppression of side reactions is believed to be at least in part due to solvation sheath reorganization caused by the multidentate compound
Implementation Method 2
The terms 'multidentate' and 'polydentate' are used interchangeably herein and refer to a compound having multiple points, i.e., two or more, at which it can coordinate, attach, or form a bond to a central atom
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides rechargeable divalent metal batteries comprising a multidentate compound. In particular, the presence of a multidentate compound in the electrolyte of the rechargeable divalent metal batteries significantly increases the interfacial charge transfer kinetics and/or suppresses undesired side reactions on both cathodes and metal anodes. It is believed that these effects are at least in part due to solvation sheath reorganization by the multidentate compound. Other aspects of the disclosure include methods for reducing a charge transfer overpotential and methods for increasing a charge transfer kinetics in rechargeable divalent metal batteries.