Multi-Epitope T Cell Vaccine for Broad Coronavirus Immunity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccine concepts fail to provide broad spectrum immunity against multiple coronavirus species, and there is a need to understand adaptive immune responses to SARS-COV-2 variants and other coronaviruses to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Innovation Solution
Development of compositions comprising specific peptides or proteins, including T cell epitopes, that elicit and enhance T cell responses to coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, NL63, and OC43, which can be formulated with adjuvants and used in immunogenic formulations to stimulate immune responses, diagnose infections, and treat COVID-19 symptoms.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If current vaccine concepts are used, then vaccine development is straightforward, but broad spectrum immunity against multiple coronavirus species is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by designing a vaccine composition that provides broad-spectrum immunity against multiple coronavirus species (including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and common cold coronaviruses) through a single multi-epitope construct. The composition includes T cell epitopes from multiple coronavirus sources that can elicit cross-protective immune responses, allowing one vaccine to serve multiple protective functions against different viral targets
2Adaptability or versatility
If T cell epitopes from multiple coronaviruses are included to achieve broad protection, then immunity coverage increases, but the complexity of identifying and characterizing epitopes increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing extensive epitope identification, characterization, and selection work in advance. The inventors have already identified specific T cell epitopes from multiple coronaviruses (including NL63, OC43, HKU1, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) and determined their immunogenicity and cross-reactivity patterns beforehand. This pre-characterization data is now being utilized to create the broad-spectrum vaccine composition, avoiding the need to perform similar extensive studies for each new vaccine formulation
3Reliability
If conventional vaccine approaches are used, then development time is shorter, but understanding of adaptive immune responses to variants is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies feedback by incorporating detailed characterization of adaptive immune responses to various coronavirus variants into the vaccine development process. The inventors have studied T cell responses to different SARS-CoV-2 variants (including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) and used this feedback information to refine the epitope selection and vaccine composition. This iterative approach ensures the vaccine maintains effectiveness against emerging variants while building on existing immune response data
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention includes compositions and methods for detecting the presence of: a coronavirus or an immune response relevant to a coronavirus infection including T cells responsive to one or more coronavirus peptides or proteins comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of: one or more amino acid sequences selected from those sequences set forth in Tables 1 or 2 (SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 166), or a subsequence, portion, homologue, variant or derivative thereof; a fusion protein comprising one or more amino acid sequences selected from those sequences set forth in Tables 1 or 2 (SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 166); a pool of 2 or more peptides selected from the amino acid sequences set forth in Tables 1 or 2 (SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 166); or a polynucleotide that encodes one or more peptides or proteins, comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of an amino acid sequence selected from those sequences set forth in Tables 1 or 2 (SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 166), or a subsequence, portion, homologue, variant or derivative thereof. The invention further provides vaccines, diagnostics, therapies, and kits, comprising such proteins or peptides.