Multifunctional Dispersant for Automatic Transmission Fluid
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Solution Overview
Problem
Automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) face challenges in balancing lubricating and power transmitting requirements, including friction performance, durability, anti-shudder performance, oxidation resistance, and gear protection, as existing formulations often struggle to provide a balanced composition that meets these conflicting demands.
Innovation Solution
A lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, an antiwear agent, and a product prepared by heating a dispersant with 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole or its hydrocarbyl-substituted derivative, a borating agent, and optionally a dicarboxylic acid or phosphorus acid, which is soluble in the oil, to create a multifunctional additive that enhances friction, wear protection, and corrosion inhibition.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple additive components are included to provide lubrication, dispersancy, friction control, antiwear performance, anti-shudder performance, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation performance, then the lubricating composition can satisfy multiple performance requirements, but the formulation becomes highly complex and difficult to balance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple additive functions into a single multifunctional dispersant that integrates friction control, antiwear, anti-shudder, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation properties. This merging approach reduces the number of separate additive components needed while maintaining comprehensive performance protection, directly addressing the formulation complexity issue.
Solution Approach 2:
The dispersant is designed with universal multi-functionality, capable of providing multiple protective characteristics simultaneously. The molecular structure incorporates various functional groups that enable it to perform friction control, wear protection, corrosion inhibition, and oxidation prevention, eliminating the need for multiple specialized additives.
2Reliability
If conventional additive formulations are used, then specific performance characteristics can be achieved, but the composition cannot simultaneously satisfy conflicting lubricating and power transmitting requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The multifunctional dispersant exhibits local quality by providing different protective functions at different locations within the lubricating composition. Different functional groups of the dispersant molecule operate at different sites to provide specialized protection (friction control at clutch surfaces, antiwear at gear contacts, anti-corrosion at metal surfaces), while the overall composition maintains balanced performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition achieves acceptable friction performance, durability, anti-shudder performance, oxidation resistance, and gear protection, as demonstrated by improved test results in clutch friction durability, anti-shudder durability, acid number, and gear wear tests, indicating enhanced performance in ATF applications.
Implementation Method 1
a product prepared by heating together: (i) a dispersant; (ii) 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole or a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof; (iii) a borating agent; and (iv) optionally a dicarboxylic acid of an aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of 1,3 diacids and 1,4 diacids; or (v) optionally a phosphorus acid compound
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a friction modifier; (c) a corrosion inhibitor; (d) an antiwear agent; and (e) a product prepared by heating together: (i) a dispersant; (ii) 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole or a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof; (iii) a borating agent;and (iv) optionally a dicarboxylic acid of an aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of 1,3 diacids and 1,4 diacids, or (v) optionally a phosphorus acid compound, said heating being sufficient to provide a product of (i), (ii), (iii) and optionally (iv), which is soluble in an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further provides a use for the lubricating composition in a transmission.