Multi-Hop Fast Forwarding Using Codeword-Level Packet Relay
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current wireless communication systems face latency issues in multi-hop environments, particularly in millimeter Wave (mmW) based Ultra Dense Networks (UDN) for 5G systems, where increased hops lead to higher latency, and existing packet-based approaches require full packet arrival and CRC verification before forwarding, which delays data transmission.
Innovation Solution
Implementing a codeword-based (CW) approach for fast forwarding (FF) in mmW communication systems, where packets are divided into independently decodable codewords that can be transmitted before the entire packet is received and CRC verified, with per-CW CRCs for error handling, and using HARQ and CW retransmission procedures for error correction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a packet-based approach with full packet arrival and CRC verification is used before forwarding, then data transmission reliability is improved, but transmission latency increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments packets into multiple independently decodable codewords. Each codeword can be decoded and verified separately using per-CW CRC, allowing early forwarding of successfully decoded codewords without waiting for the entire packet to arrive. This segmentation enables parallel processing and reduces overall transmission latency while maintaining reliability through individual codeword verification.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements preliminary decoding and verification of codewords as they arrive, rather than waiting for complete packet reception. The system performs CRC verification on individual codewords immediately upon their arrival and determines destinations early, initiating transmission before the full packet is received. This preliminary action significantly reduces transmission latency while maintaining data integrity.
2Loss of time
If packets are divided into independently decodable codewords for early transmission, then transmission latency is reduced, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides packets into codewords with independent decoding capabilities. Each codeword includes its own CRC for verification, enabling autonomous processing without requiring complete packet assembly. This segmentation reduces latency by allowing parallel decoding and early forwarding of ready codewords, while the modular structure manages complexity through standardized processing units.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of data unit granularity from packet-level to codeword-level processing. By introducing per-CW CRC and enabling independent codeword verification, the system transforms the verification mechanism to operate at a finer granularity, allowing early transmission decisions based on codeword completion rather than waiting for entire packets, thus reducing latency while maintaining manageable complexity through standardized codeword structures.
3Reliability
If per-CW CRC verification is implemented for each codeword, then error detection capability is improved, but processing overhead increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements per-CW CRC verification by segmenting packets into codewords, each with its own error detection code. This allows independent verification of each codeword without requiring complete packet reception, enabling early forwarding of error-free codewords while efficiently detecting errors in individual units. The segmented approach reduces processing overhead by avoiding redundant verification of already-verified data.
Solution Approach 2:
Each codeword is equipped with its own CRC for self-verification. The per-CW CRC enables autonomous error detection at the codeword level without requiring external packet-level verification, allowing receiving nodes to independently determine which codewords are ready for forwarding. This self-service mechanism reduces processing overhead by eliminating the need to wait for and process entire packets before verification.
4Speed
If early transmission of codewords is enabled before full packet receipt, then transmission speed is improved, but data integrity risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary decoding and CRC verification of codewords as they arrive, enabling early transmission decisions. The system determines destination nodes and verifies codeword integrity before initiating transmission, ensuring that only verified codewords are forwarded early. This preliminary verification maintains data integrity while enabling speed improvements through reduced waiting time for complete packet reception.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback mechanisms through per-CW CRC verification and HARQ protocols. The receiving node verifies each codeword's integrity using its CRC and provides feedback (ACK/NACK) to the transmitting node. This feedback loop ensures data integrity by detecting and requesting retransmission of erroneous codewords, while allowing early transmission of verified codewords to improve overall transmission speed.
Data Source
AI summary
Latency reduction by fast forward (FF) in multi-hop communication device and/or systems is disclosed. Packets may be received and forwarded using a codeword (CW)-based approach with and/or without per-CW CRC. A FF session may have a flow ID and packets may have sequence numbers. Packets targeted for FF may be divided into independently decodable CWs that may be transmitted in the next hop, for example, as soon as the destination is determined without waiting for an entire packet's arrival and/or for CRC verification. Low latency (e.g. FF) traffic may be indicated. CW-based FF may be extensible for an e2e RAN path from a WTRU to the last access node in a RAN. Intermediate metrics, a packet CRC and/or a per-CW CRC may be utilized for data integrity. HARQ and/or CW retransmission procedures may be implemented between network nodes for error handling.