Multilayer Anode Structure for Lithium Metal Battery Safety
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium-ion batteries face safety issues due to side reactions, lithium dendrite formation, and increased volume change rates when using lithium metal as the anode, leading to impaired performance and safety risks.
Innovation Solution
A multilayer anode structure with varying framework materials, where the first anode structure layer has a higher lithium ion oxidation-reduction potential or electronic conductivity than the second layer, optimizing lithium deposition and reducing volume changes, and potentially including additional layers with different materials to enhance conductivity and porosity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If lithium metal is used as the anode to enhance energy density, then the energy density and operating voltage of lithium-ion batteries are improved, but side reactions with the electrolytic solution occur, lithium dendrites form, and volume change rate increases, deteriorating safety and cycling performances
Solution Approach 1:
The anode is divided into multiple structure layers with different framework materials arranged in sequence from the current collector outward. Each layer has progressively lower electronic conductivity and progressively higher lithium ion oxidation-reduction potential, creating a gradient structure that controls lithium deposition and prevents dendrite formation while maintaining high energy density
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the anode are assigned different material properties: layers closer to the current collector have higher electronic conductivity to facilitate electron transport, while outer layers have lower electronic conductivity and higher lithium ion potential to control lithium deposition. This spatial variation in material properties optimizes both energy density and safety performance
2Power
If lithium metal is used as the anode to enhance energy density, then the operating voltage of lithium-ion batteries is improved, but lithium dendrites form, increasing safety risks
Solution Approach 1:
The multilayer structure is pre-configured with specific framework materials before lithium deposition occurs. The gradient of electronic conductivity and lithium ion oxidation-reduction potential is established in advance to guide uniform lithium deposition, preventing dendrite formation from the outset while maintaining high operating voltage
Solution Approach 2:
The intermediate structure layers act as mediators between the current collector and the outer anode layers. These layers with progressively lower electronic conductivity and higher lithium ion potential control the lithium deposition process, preventing direct contact between lithium metal and the electrolyte that would cause dendrite formation
3Quantity of substance
If lithium metal is used as the anode to enhance energy density, then the capacity of the battery is improved, but the volume change rate of the anode increases, deteriorating cycling performances
Solution Approach 1:
The anode is segmented into multiple structure layers that can independently accommodate volume changes. Each layer's framework material is selected to provide structural support and control lithium deposition, distributing the volume change stress across multiple layers rather than concentrating it in a single lithium metal layer, thereby maintaining volume stability during cycling
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The multilayer anode structure enhances space utilization, reduces lithium dendrite formation, and improves energy density and cycle life by homogenizing lithium deposition and minimizing side reactions, thereby addressing safety and performance concerns.
Implementation Method 1
the first framework material has a higher oxidation-reduction potential for lithium ion or electronic conductivity than the second framework material
Implementation Method 2
the first framework material has a higher oxidation-reduction potential for lithium ion or electronic conductivity than the second framework material
Data Source
AI summary
The present application relates to an anode, and an electrochemical device and an electronic device comprising the same. Embodiments of the present application provided an anode comprising: a current collector, a first anode structure layer and a second anode structure layer. The first anode structure layer comprises a first framework material and the second anode structure layer comprises a second framework material, wherein the first anode structure layer is disposed between the current collector and the second anode structure layer, and the first framework material has a higher oxidation-reduction potential for lithium ion or electronic conductivity than the second framework material. When the anode with double-layer structure provided by the present application is charged, the space utilization ratio of the anode can be enhanced, the rate capability of the electrochemical device can be enhanced, the formation of lithium dendrites may be inhibited, and the volume change amount of the anode can be reduced, thereby enhancing the safety performance and cycle performance of the electrochemical device.