Multilayer Optical Identifier Using Fractal Relief Structures
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing optically machine-readable identifiers are sensitive to positional tolerances and lack high security standards, making them vulnerable to imitation and manipulation, especially when applied to substrates like identity cards.
Innovation Solution
A multi-layer body with an optically machine-readable identifier is developed, featuring a background pattern that encodes first information and individualized second information, which is difficult to imitate due to its customizable nature and production methods that do not increase costs or require additional devices, incorporating microscopically fine relief structures and optically effective reflection layers for enhanced security.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional optically machine-readable identifiers are used, then reading is possible, but they are sensitive to positional tolerances and lack high security standards
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from traditional linear or grid-based optical codes to a fractal dimension approach. The identifier uses self-similar patterns that repeat at different scales, creating a structure that is inherently insensitive to positional tolerances. The fractal geometry allows the reading device to recognize the pattern regardless of slight misalignments, as the self-similar structure maintains its identifying characteristics across different magnifications and positions.
Solution Approach 2:
The optical identifier combines multiple optical properties within a single structure: diffraction elements for light manipulation, reflective layers for signal enhancement, and absorptive materials for pattern definition. This composite approach creates a multi-layered security feature that is difficult to replicate and provides both high security standards and tolerance insensitivity through the interaction of different optical mechanisms.
2Reliability
If high security standards are implemented, then imitation and manipulation are prevented, but production costs and device complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The security identifier is divided into multiple functional layers: a substrate layer, pattern formation layer with fractal geometry, optical diffraction elements, reflective layers, and protective coatings. Each layer performs a specific function and can be produced using standard manufacturing techniques. This segmentation allows complex security features to be built from simpler, cost-effective components rather than requiring a single complex production process.
Solution Approach 2:
The fractal-based optical identifier can be reproduced using standard printing and lamination processes already employed in card manufacturing. The self-similar fractal pattern allows for faithful replication through conventional copying methods, while the multi-layer optical structure with diffraction and reflection properties creates authentication complexity that prevents successful imitation despite ease of reproduction.
3Reliability
If customizable individualized information is added to the background pattern, then security is enhanced, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The background fractal pattern is pre-formed during the base manufacturing process using standard patterning techniques. Individualized information elements are then superimposed on this pre-formed background in subsequent printing or lamination steps. This preliminary action allows the customizable elements to be added without requiring a complete redesign of the manufacturing process, maintaining ease of production while enabling high-level customization for security purposes.
Solution Approach 2:
The fractal background pattern serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides the primary optical identification, creates tolerance insensitivity, and serves as a canvas for individualized information. The same basic fractal structure can be used across all identifiers, while variable data elements are overlaid. This universal base pattern reduces manufacturing complexity compared to creating entirely unique designs for each identifier.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a high-security, cost-effective, and customizable optically machine-readable identifier that is insensitive to positional tolerances, offering a robust security feature that is challenging to imitate or manipulate, with the ability to read both pieces of information in parallel for added security.
Implementation Method 1
Optical markings are arranged in bit lines, with at least two bit lines with identical division into surface parts of equal size being required. Each surface part is covered with an optical diffraction element
Implementation Method 2
incorporating microscopically fine relief structures and optically effective reflection layers for enhanced security
Data Source
Figure 1a~2
Figure 3a~4b
Figure 5a~5b
AI summary
Described is a multilayer element (10i) with an identification which can be read optically by a machine, wherein the multilayer element has at least one first plastic layer with a microscopically fine relief structure impressed in this layer and the optical effect of the microscopically fine relief structure can be changed in regions for inscribing an information item. First and second regions have different relief structures and form a background pattern (1 to 7) which codes a first information item, which pattern is modified partially for inscribing an individualized code pattern (1i to 3i) which codes an individualized second information item and overlaps the background pattern. Furthermore, a method for producing such a multilayer element and a method for reading the information are described.