Multilayer Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
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Solution Overview
Problem
The stability and consistency of perovskite solar cells are hindered by the poor stability of perovskite materials in humid environments, leading to energy conversion efficiency decreases and potential failure, necessitating a solution for a more stable and consistent hole transport layer.
Innovation Solution
A method involving magnetron sputtering to form a hole transport layer with multiple sub-layers using inorganic materials and doping materials, allowing for adjustable composition and energy level structure, enhancing stability and consistency, and facilitating energy level matching with the light absorbing layer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If perovskite materials are used as light absorbing layer, then energy conversion efficiency is improved, but stability deteriorates due to poor performance in humid environments
Solution Approach 1:
The hole transport layer is divided into multiple sub-layers (first sub-layer, second sub-layer, third sub-layer) with different compositions and functions. Each sub-layer addresses specific stability issues: the first sub-layer provides baseline hole transport, the second sub-layer (with doping material) enhances stability and adjusts energy levels, and the third sub-layer optimizes interfacial contact with the light absorbing layer. This segmentation allows targeted improvement of stability without sacrificing the high efficiency of perovskite materials.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by incorporating doping materials (such as metal oxides or organic compounds) into the hole transport layer structure. This creates a composite hole transport layer that combines the high hole transport capability of the base material with the stability-enhancing properties of the doping material, thereby maintaining high energy conversion efficiency while improving overall device stability against humidity and degradation.
2Ease of manufacture
If coating method is used to form hole transport layer, then manufacturing simplicity is improved, but stability and consistency deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The hole transport layer is segmented into multiple sub-layers deposited by magnetron sputtering, allowing precise control of thickness and composition for each layer. This segmentation enables better stability and consistency while maintaining manufacturing feasibility through a standardized multi-step deposition process.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the deposition method from coating to magnetron sputtering, which allows precise control of deposition parameters (power, time, atmosphere, temperature) to achieve consistent and stable hole transport layers. The doping concentration and layer thickness are precisely controlled through parameter adjustment during sputtering, ensuring high reproducibility and device consistency.
3Device complexity
If single-layer hole transport layer is used, then device complexity is reduced, but energy level matching capability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The hole transport layer is segmented into multiple sub-layers, each with specific energy level characteristics. The first sub-layer provides baseline transport, the second sub-layer (with doping material) adjusts the energy level gradient, and the third sub-layer optimizes matching with the light absorbing layer. This segmentation enables precise energy level matching across the interface while maintaining a relatively simple overall device structure.
Solution Approach 2:
Different sub-layers are assigned different local qualities (compositions, doping concentrations, thicknesses) to optimize energy level matching at specific interfaces. The doping material is locally introduced in the second sub-layer to create the desired energy level gradient, while other regions maintain their original properties. This local optimization enables versatile energy level matching without requiring complete restructuring of the entire device.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method achieves a stable and consistent hole transport layer with adjustable energy levels, improving the energy conversion efficiency and durability of perovskite solar cells by optimizing the energy level matching and hole collection capacity.
Implementation Method 1
forming a hole transport layer at least comprising N consecutive sub-layers on the surface of the substrate by using a magnetron sputtering principle
Data Source
AI summary
A method for forming a hole transport layer on a surface of a substrate includes providing M target materials comprising inorganic hole transport materials and forming the hole transport layer on the surface of the substrate using magnetron sputtering. The hold transport layer at least comprises N consecutive sub-layers. M and N are integers and 2≤N≤M. One of the M target materials is a doped target material further comprising a doping material.